Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Herz 3/2017

22.02.2017 | Schwerpunkt

Echtzeit-3-D-Echokardiographie zur Schweregradbeurteilung von Herzklappenvitien

Einfluss auf aktuelle Leitlinien

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. T. Buck, FESC, FACC, L. Bösche, B. Plicht

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 3/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Neben der räumlich-anatomischen Darstellung von Herzklappen verspricht die Echtzeit-3-D-Echokardiographie mit Hilfe des Farbdopplers eine genauere Klappenflussquantifizierung als herkömmliche 2‑D-Methoden. Insbesondere wurde die Quantifizierung des Regurgitationsflusses bei Mitralklappeninsuffizienz mittels der PISA („proximal isovelocity surface area“)-Methode und der VCA („vena contracta area“)-Methode in verschiedenen Studien validiert. Speziell die Beurteilung der VCA mittels Farbdoppler-Echtzeit-3-D-Echokardiographie (FD-3DE) führte zu einem Paradigmenwechsel im Verständnis der VCA, da sich die VCA in der Mehrzahl der Fälle als stark asymmetrisch zeigte. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden der aktuelle Stellenwert und die klinische Anwendbarkeit der unterschiedlichen FD-3DE-basierten Methoden zur Schwergradbeurteilung von Herzklappenvitien, insbesondere von Klappeninsuffizienzen, ausführlich beschrieben.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Lancellotti P, Rosenhek R, Pibarot P et al (2013) ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease Position Paper – heart valve clinics: organization, structure, and experiences. Eurheart J 34:1597–1606 Lancellotti P, Rosenhek R, Pibarot P et al (2013) ESC Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease Position Paper – heart valve clinics: organization, structure, and experiences. Eurheart J 34:1597–1606
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoganathan AP, Cape EG, Sung HW et al (1988) Review of hydrodynamic principles for the cardiologist: applications to the study of blood flow and jets by imaging techniques. J Am Coll Cardiol 12:1344–1353CrossRefPubMed Yoganathan AP, Cape EG, Sung HW et al (1988) Review of hydrodynamic principles for the cardiologist: applications to the study of blood flow and jets by imaging techniques. J Am Coll Cardiol 12:1344–1353CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumgartner H, Schima H, Kuhn P (1991) Value and limitations of proximal jet dimensions for the quantitation of valvular regurgitation: an in vitro study using Doppler flow imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 4:57–66CrossRefPubMed Baumgartner H, Schima H, Kuhn P (1991) Value and limitations of proximal jet dimensions for the quantitation of valvular regurgitation: an in vitro study using Doppler flow imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 4:57–66CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Fehske W, Omran H, Manz M et al (1994) Color-coded doppler imaging of the vena contracta as a basis for quantification of pure mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 73:268–274CrossRefPubMed Fehske W, Omran H, Manz M et al (1994) Color-coded doppler imaging of the vena contracta as a basis for quantification of pure mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 73:268–274CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall SA, Brickner ME, Willett DL et al (1997) Assessment of mitral regurgitation severity by doppler color flow mapping of the vena contracta. Circulation 95:636–642CrossRefPubMed Hall SA, Brickner ME, Willett DL et al (1997) Assessment of mitral regurgitation severity by doppler color flow mapping of the vena contracta. Circulation 95:636–642CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwammenthal E, Chen C, Benning F et al (1994) Dynamics of mitral regurgitant flow and orifice area – physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method: clinical data and experimental testing. Circulation 90:307–322CrossRefPubMed Schwammenthal E, Chen C, Benning F et al (1994) Dynamics of mitral regurgitant flow and orifice area – physiologic application of the proximal flow convergence method: clinical data and experimental testing. Circulation 90:307–322CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Khanna D, Vengala S, Miller AP et al (2004) Quantification of mitral regurgitation by live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of vena contracta area. Echocardiography 21:737–743CrossRefPubMed Khanna D, Vengala S, Miller AP et al (2004) Quantification of mitral regurgitation by live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of vena contracta area. Echocardiography 21:737–743CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Yosefy C, Levine RA, Solis J et al (2007) Proximal flow convergence region as assessed by real-time 3‑dimensional echocardiography: challenging the hemispheric assumption. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 20:389–396CrossRefPubMed Yosefy C, Levine RA, Solis J et al (2007) Proximal flow convergence region as assessed by real-time 3‑dimensional echocardiography: challenging the hemispheric assumption. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 20:389–396CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Kahlert P, Plicht B, Schenk IM et al (2008) Direct assessment of size and shape of noncircular vena contracta area in functional versus organic mitral regurgitation using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:912–921CrossRefPubMed Kahlert P, Plicht B, Schenk IM et al (2008) Direct assessment of size and shape of noncircular vena contracta area in functional versus organic mitral regurgitation using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:912–921CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E et al (2003) Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 16:777–802CrossRefPubMed Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E et al (2003) Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 16:777–802CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Lancellotti P, Moura L, Pierard LA et al (2010) European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr 11:307–332CrossRefPubMed Lancellotti P, Moura L, Pierard LA et al (2010) European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 2: mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (native valve disease). Eur J Echocardiogr 11:307–332CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Grayburn PA, Weissman NJ, Zamorano JL (2012) Quantitation of mitral regurgitation. Circulation 126:2005–2017CrossRefPubMed Grayburn PA, Weissman NJ, Zamorano JL (2012) Quantitation of mitral regurgitation. Circulation 126:2005–2017CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F et al (2012) Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J 33:2451–2496CrossRefPubMed Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F et al (2012) Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J 33:2451–2496CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonow RO, Carabello RA, Chatterjee K et al (2006) ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:e1–e148CrossRefPubMed Bonow RO, Carabello RA, Chatterjee K et al (2006) ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 48:e1–e148CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Buck T, Plicht B, Erbel R (2006) Current recommendations on echocardiographic evaluation of the severity of mitral regurgitation: standardization and practical application using a scoring system. Herz 31:30–37CrossRefPubMed Buck T, Plicht B, Erbel R (2006) Current recommendations on echocardiographic evaluation of the severity of mitral regurgitation: standardization and practical application using a scoring system. Herz 31:30–37CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lang RM, Badano LP, Tsang W et al (2012) EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 13:1–46CrossRefPubMed Lang RM, Badano LP, Tsang W et al (2012) EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 13:1–46CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Buck T (2015) Valvular heart disease – insufficiencies. In: Buck T, Franke A, Monaghan MJ (Hrsg). Three-dimensional echocardiography (2. Aufl.). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, S 117–170 Buck T (2015) Valvular heart disease – insufficiencies. In: Buck T, Franke A, Monaghan MJ (Hrsg). Three-dimensional echocardiography (2. Aufl.). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, S 117–170
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Buck T, Plicht B, Kahlert P, Erbel R (2013) Understanding the asymmetrical vena contracta area: the difficult relationship between 2D and 3D measurements. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6:744CrossRefPubMed Buck T, Plicht B, Kahlert P, Erbel R (2013) Understanding the asymmetrical vena contracta area: the difficult relationship between 2D and 3D measurements. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6:744CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Marsan NA, Westenberg JJ, Ypenburg C et al (2009) Quantification of functional mitral regurgitation by real-time 3D echocardiography: comparison with 3D velocity-encoded cardiac magnetic resonance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2:1245–1252CrossRefPubMed Marsan NA, Westenberg JJ, Ypenburg C et al (2009) Quantification of functional mitral regurgitation by real-time 3D echocardiography: comparison with 3D velocity-encoded cardiac magnetic resonance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2:1245–1252CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Plicht B, Kahlert P, Goldwasser R et al (2008) Direct quantification of mitral regurgitant flow volume by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography using dealiasing of color Doppler flow at the vena contracta. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:1337–1346CrossRefPubMed Plicht B, Kahlert P, Goldwasser R et al (2008) Direct quantification of mitral regurgitant flow volume by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography using dealiasing of color Doppler flow at the vena contracta. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:1337–1346CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Skaug TR, Hergum T, Amundsen BH et al (2010) Quantification of mitral regurgitation using high pulse repetition frequency three-dimensional color doppler. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23:1–8CrossRefPubMed Skaug TR, Hergum T, Amundsen BH et al (2010) Quantification of mitral regurgitation using high pulse repetition frequency three-dimensional color doppler. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23:1–8CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Recusani F, Bargiggia GS, Yoganathan AP et al (1991) A new method for quantification of regurgitant flow rate using color flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice: an vitro study. Circulation 83:594–604CrossRefPubMed Recusani F, Bargiggia GS, Yoganathan AP et al (1991) A new method for quantification of regurgitant flow rate using color flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice: an vitro study. Circulation 83:594–604CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Utsunomiya T, Ogawa T, Doshi R et al (1991) Doppler color flow „proximal isovelocity surface area“ method for estimating volume flow rate: effects of orifice shape and machine factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 17:1103–1111CrossRefPubMed Utsunomiya T, Ogawa T, Doshi R et al (1991) Doppler color flow „proximal isovelocity surface area“ method for estimating volume flow rate: effects of orifice shape and machine factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 17:1103–1111CrossRefPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Buck T, Jansen CHP, Yoganathan AP et al (1998) Hemisphere versus hemiellipse: when is each most accurate for proximal isovelocity calculation of regurgitant flows. J Am Coll Cardiol 31:385ACrossRef Buck T, Jansen CHP, Yoganathan AP et al (1998) Hemisphere versus hemiellipse: when is each most accurate for proximal isovelocity calculation of regurgitant flows. J Am Coll Cardiol 31:385ACrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Iwakura K, Ito H, Kawano S et al (2006) Comparison of orifice area by transthoracic three-dimensional doppler echocardiography versus proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method for assessment of mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 97:1630–1637CrossRefPubMed Iwakura K, Ito H, Kawano S et al (2006) Comparison of orifice area by transthoracic three-dimensional doppler echocardiography versus proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method for assessment of mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 97:1630–1637CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumura Y, Saracino G, Sugioka K et al (2008) Determination of regurgitant orifice area with the use of a new three-dimensional flow convergence geometric assumption in functional mitral regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:1251–1256CrossRefPubMed Matsumura Y, Saracino G, Sugioka K et al (2008) Determination of regurgitant orifice area with the use of a new three-dimensional flow convergence geometric assumption in functional mitral regurgitation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:1251–1256CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Ziani AB, Latcu DG, Abadir S et al (2009) Assessment of proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) shape using three-dimensional echocardiography in a paediatric population with mitral regurgitation or ventricular shunt. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 102:185–191CrossRefPubMed Ziani AB, Latcu DG, Abadir S et al (2009) Assessment of proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) shape using three-dimensional echocardiography in a paediatric population with mitral regurgitation or ventricular shunt. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 102:185–191CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumura Y, Fukuda S, Tran H et al (2008) Geometry of the proximal isovelocity surface area in mitral regurgitation by 3‑dimensional color doppler echocardiography: difference between functional mitral regurgitation and prolapse regurgitation. Am Heart J 155:231–238CrossRefPubMed Matsumura Y, Fukuda S, Tran H et al (2008) Geometry of the proximal isovelocity surface area in mitral regurgitation by 3‑dimensional color doppler echocardiography: difference between functional mitral regurgitation and prolapse regurgitation. Am Heart J 155:231–238CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashikhmina E, Shook D, Cobey F et al (2015) Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of functional mitral regurgitation proximal isovelocity surface area. Anesth Analg 120:534–542CrossRefPubMed Ashikhmina E, Shook D, Cobey F et al (2015) Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of functional mitral regurgitation proximal isovelocity surface area. Anesth Analg 120:534–542CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Quaini A, Canic S, Guidoboni G et al (2011) A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of regurgitant mitral valve flow: validation against in vitro standards and 3D color doppler methods. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2:77–89CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Quaini A, Canic S, Guidoboni G et al (2011) A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of regurgitant mitral valve flow: validation against in vitro standards and 3D color doppler methods. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2:77–89CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Grady L, Datta S, Kutter O et al (2011) Regurgitation quantification using 3D PISA in volume echocardiography. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 14:512–519PubMed Grady L, Datta S, Kutter O et al (2011) Regurgitation quantification using 3D PISA in volume echocardiography. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 14:512–519PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat de Agustin JA, Marcos-Alberca P, Fernandez-Golfin C et al (2012) Direct measurement of proximal isovelocity surface area by single-beat three-dimensional color doppler echocardiography in mitral regurgitation: a validation study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 25:815–823CrossRefPubMed de Agustin JA, Marcos-Alberca P, Fernandez-Golfin C et al (2012) Direct measurement of proximal isovelocity surface area by single-beat three-dimensional color doppler echocardiography in mitral regurgitation: a validation study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 25:815–823CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Thavendiranathan P, Liu S, Datta S et al (2013) Quantification of chronic functional mitral regurgitation by automated 3‑dimensional peak and integrated proximal isovelocity surface area and stroke volume techniques using real-time 3‑dimensional volume color Doppler echocardiography: in vitro and clinical validation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6:125–133CrossRefPubMed Thavendiranathan P, Liu S, Datta S et al (2013) Quantification of chronic functional mitral regurgitation by automated 3‑dimensional peak and integrated proximal isovelocity surface area and stroke volume techniques using real-time 3‑dimensional volume color Doppler echocardiography: in vitro and clinical validation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6:125–133CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Otsuji Y, Handschumacher MD, Schwammenthal E et al (1997) Insights from three-dimensional echocardiography into the mechanism of functional mitral regurgitation: direct in vivo demonstration of altered leaflet tethering geometry. Circulation 96:1999–2008CrossRefPubMed Otsuji Y, Handschumacher MD, Schwammenthal E et al (1997) Insights from three-dimensional echocardiography into the mechanism of functional mitral regurgitation: direct in vivo demonstration of altered leaflet tethering geometry. Circulation 96:1999–2008CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ et al (2001) Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation 103:1759–1764CrossRefPubMed Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ et al (2001) Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation 103:1759–1764CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Little SH, Pirat B, Kumar R et al (2008) Three-dimensional color doppler echocardiography for direct measurement of vena contracta area in mitral regurgitation: in vitro validation and clinical experience. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 1:695–704CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Little SH, Pirat B, Kumar R et al (2008) Three-dimensional color doppler echocardiography for direct measurement of vena contracta area in mitral regurgitation: in vitro validation and clinical experience. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 1:695–704CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Shanks M, Siebelink HM, Delgado V et al (2010) Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: comparison between three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 3:694–700CrossRefPubMed Shanks M, Siebelink HM, Delgado V et al (2010) Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation: comparison between three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 3:694–700CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Yosefy C, Hung J, Chua S et al (2009) Direct measurement of vena contracta area by real-time 3‑dimensional echocardiography for assessing severity of mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 104:978–983CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yosefy C, Hung J, Chua S et al (2009) Direct measurement of vena contracta area by real-time 3‑dimensional echocardiography for assessing severity of mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 104:978–983CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Hyodo E, Iwata S, Tugcu A et al (2012) Direct measurement of multiple vena contracta areas for assessing the severity of mitral regurgitation using 3D TEE. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 5:669–676CrossRefPubMed Hyodo E, Iwata S, Tugcu A et al (2012) Direct measurement of multiple vena contracta areas for assessing the severity of mitral regurgitation using 3D TEE. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 5:669–676CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Zeng X, Levine RA, Hua L et al (2011) Diagnostic value of vena contracta area in the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity by color Doppler 3D echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4:506–513CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zeng X, Levine RA, Hua L et al (2011) Diagnostic value of vena contracta area in the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity by color Doppler 3D echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4:506–513CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Plicht B, Kahlert P, Grave T et al (2012) Immediate reduction of RT3D color Doppler vena contracta area after transcatheter mitral leaflet repair: Influence of the EVEREST criteria. Eur J Echocardiography 13(S1):i184 Plicht B, Kahlert P, Grave T et al (2012) Immediate reduction of RT3D color Doppler vena contracta area after transcatheter mitral leaflet repair: Influence of the EVEREST criteria. Eur J Echocardiography 13(S1):i184
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Altiok E, Hamada S, Brehmer K et al (2012) Analysis of procedural effects of percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair by 2D and 3D echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 5:748–755CrossRefPubMed Altiok E, Hamada S, Brehmer K et al (2012) Analysis of procedural effects of percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair by 2D and 3D echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 5:748–755CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Buck T, Mucci RA, Guerrero JL et al (2000) The power-velocity integral at the vena contracts – A new method for direct quantification of regurgitant volume flow. Circulation 102:1053–1061CrossRefPubMed Buck T, Mucci RA, Guerrero JL et al (2000) The power-velocity integral at the vena contracts – A new method for direct quantification of regurgitant volume flow. Circulation 102:1053–1061CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Buck T, Plicht B, Hunold P et al (2005) Broad-beam spectral Doppler sonification of the vena contracta using matrix-array technology – A new solution for semi-automated quantification of mitral regurgitant flow volume and orifice area. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:770–779CrossRefPubMed Buck T, Plicht B, Hunold P et al (2005) Broad-beam spectral Doppler sonification of the vena contracta using matrix-array technology – A new solution for semi-automated quantification of mitral regurgitant flow volume and orifice area. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:770–779CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hopmeyer J, He S, Thorvig KM et al (1998) Estimation of mitral regurgitation with a hemielliptic curve-fitting algorithm: in vitro experiments with native mitral valves. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 11:322–331CrossRefPubMed Hopmeyer J, He S, Thorvig KM et al (1998) Estimation of mitral regurgitation with a hemielliptic curve-fitting algorithm: in vitro experiments with native mitral valves. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 11:322–331CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi J, Heo R, Hong GR et al (2014) Differential effect of 3‑dimensional color doppler echocardiography for the quantification of mitral regurgitation according to the severity and characteristics. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 7:535–544CrossRefPubMed Choi J, Heo R, Hong GR et al (2014) Differential effect of 3‑dimensional color doppler echocardiography for the quantification of mitral regurgitation according to the severity and characteristics. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 7:535–544CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Chandra S, Salgo IS, Sugeng L et al (2011) A three-dimensional insight into the complexity of flow convergence in mitral regurgitation: adjunctive benefit of anatomic regurgitant orifice area. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H1015–H1024CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chandra S, Salgo IS, Sugeng L et al (2011) A three-dimensional insight into the complexity of flow convergence in mitral regurgitation: adjunctive benefit of anatomic regurgitant orifice area. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H1015–H1024CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Buck T, Plicht B, Kahlert P et al (2008) Effect of dynamic flow rate and orifice area on mitral regurgitant stroke volume quantification using the proximal Isovelocity surface area method. J Am Coll Cardiol 52:767–778CrossRefPubMed Buck T, Plicht B, Kahlert P et al (2008) Effect of dynamic flow rate and orifice area on mitral regurgitant stroke volume quantification using the proximal Isovelocity surface area method. J Am Coll Cardiol 52:767–778CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt FP, Gniewosz T, Jabs A et al (2014) Usefulness of 3D-PISA as compared to guideline endorsed parameters for mitral regurgitation quantification. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 30:1501–1508CrossRefPubMed Schmidt FP, Gniewosz T, Jabs A et al (2014) Usefulness of 3D-PISA as compared to guideline endorsed parameters for mitral regurgitation quantification. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 30:1501–1508CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Thomas L, Foster E, Hoffman JI, Schiller NB (1999) The mitral regurgitation index: an echocardiographic guide to severity. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:2016–2022CrossRefPubMed Thomas L, Foster E, Hoffman JI, Schiller NB (1999) The mitral regurgitation index: an echocardiographic guide to severity. J Am Coll Cardiol 33:2016–2022CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Son JW, Chang HJ, Lee JK et al (2013) Automated quantification of mitral regurgitation by three dimensional real time full volume color doppler transthoracic echocardiography: a validation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with two dimensional quantitative methods. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 21:81–89CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Son JW, Chang HJ, Lee JK et al (2013) Automated quantification of mitral regurgitation by three dimensional real time full volume color doppler transthoracic echocardiography: a validation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with two dimensional quantitative methods. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 21:81–89CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu JW, Levine RA, Chua S et al (2008) Assessing mitral valve area and orifice geometry in calcific mitral stenosis: a new solution by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:1006–1009CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chu JW, Levine RA, Chua S et al (2008) Assessing mitral valve area and orifice geometry in calcific mitral stenosis: a new solution by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:1006–1009CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Zamorano J, Cordeiro P, Sugeng L et al (2004) Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for rheumatic mitral valve stenosis evaluation: an accurate and novel approach. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:2091–2096CrossRefPubMed Zamorano J, Cordeiro P, Sugeng L et al (2004) Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for rheumatic mitral valve stenosis evaluation: an accurate and novel approach. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:2091–2096CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat de Agustin JA, Mejia H, Viliani D, Marcos-Alberca P et al (2014) Proximal flow convergence method by three-dimensional color doppler echocardiography for mitral valve area assessment in rheumatic mitral stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 27:838–845CrossRefPubMed de Agustin JA, Mejia H, Viliani D, Marcos-Alberca P et al (2014) Proximal flow convergence method by three-dimensional color doppler echocardiography for mitral valve area assessment in rheumatic mitral stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 27:838–845CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Fang L, Hsiung MC, Miller AP et al (2005) Assessment of aortic regurgitation by live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of vena contracta area: usefulness and validation. Echocardiography 22:775–781CrossRefPubMed Fang L, Hsiung MC, Miller AP et al (2005) Assessment of aortic regurgitation by live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic measurements of vena contracta area: usefulness and validation. Echocardiography 22:775–781CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Chin CH, Chen CH, Lo HS (2010) The correlation between three-dimensional vena contracta area and aortic regurgitation index in patients with aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography 27:161–166CrossRefPubMed Chin CH, Chen CH, Lo HS (2010) The correlation between three-dimensional vena contracta area and aortic regurgitation index in patients with aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography 27:161–166CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Ewe SH, Delgado V, van Geest R (2013) Accuracy of three-dimensional versus two-dimensional echocardiography for quantification of aortic regurgitation and validation by three-dimensional three-directional velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol 112:560CrossRefPubMed Ewe SH, Delgado V, van Geest R (2013) Accuracy of three-dimensional versus two-dimensional echocardiography for quantification of aortic regurgitation and validation by three-dimensional three-directional velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol 112:560CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato H, Ohta T, Hiroe K et al (2015) Severity of aortic regurgitation assessed by area of vena contracta: a clinical two-dimensional and three-dimensional color Doppler imaging study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 13:24CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sato H, Ohta T, Hiroe K et al (2015) Severity of aortic regurgitation assessed by area of vena contracta: a clinical two-dimensional and three-dimensional color Doppler imaging study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 13:24CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Poh KK, Levine RA, Solis J et al (2008) Assessing aortic valve area in aortic stenosis by continuity equation: a novel approach using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Eur Heart J 29:2526–2535CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Poh KK, Levine RA, Solis J et al (2008) Assessing aortic valve area in aortic stenosis by continuity equation: a novel approach using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Eur Heart J 29:2526–2535CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Tribouilloy CM, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bailey KR et al (2000) Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation by measuring the width of the vena contracta with Doppler color flow imaging: a clinical study. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:472–478CrossRefPubMed Tribouilloy CM, Enriquez-Sarano M, Bailey KR et al (2000) Quantification of tricuspid regurgitation by measuring the width of the vena contracta with Doppler color flow imaging: a clinical study. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:472–478CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat de Agustin JA, Viliani D, Vieira C et al (2013) Proximal isovelocity surface area by single-beat three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography applied for tricuspid regurgitation quantification. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26:1063–1072CrossRefPubMed de Agustin JA, Viliani D, Vieira C et al (2013) Proximal isovelocity surface area by single-beat three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography applied for tricuspid regurgitation quantification. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26:1063–1072CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Zamorano JL, Badano LP, Bruce C et al (2011) EAE/ASE recommendations for the use of echocardiography in new transcatheter interventions for valvular heart disease. Eur J Echocardiogr 12:557–584CrossRefPubMed Zamorano JL, Badano LP, Bruce C et al (2011) EAE/ASE recommendations for the use of echocardiography in new transcatheter interventions for valvular heart disease. Eur J Echocardiogr 12:557–584CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim MS, Casserly IP, Garcia JA et al (2009) Percutaneous transcatheter closure of prosthetic mitral paravalvular leaks: are we there yet? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2:81–90CrossRefPubMed Kim MS, Casserly IP, Garcia JA et al (2009) Percutaneous transcatheter closure of prosthetic mitral paravalvular leaks: are we there yet? JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2:81–90CrossRefPubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Becerra JM, Almeria C, de Isla PL, Zamorano J (2009) Usefulness of 3D transoesophageal echocardiography for guiding wires and closure devices in mitral perivalvular leaks. Eur J Echocardiogr 10:979–981PubMed Becerra JM, Almeria C, de Isla PL, Zamorano J (2009) Usefulness of 3D transoesophageal echocardiography for guiding wires and closure devices in mitral perivalvular leaks. Eur J Echocardiogr 10:979–981PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Echtzeit-3-D-Echokardiographie zur Schweregradbeurteilung von Herzklappenvitien
Einfluss auf aktuelle Leitlinien
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. T. Buck, FESC, FACC
L. Bösche
B. Plicht
Publikationsdatum
22.02.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-017-4540-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2017

Herz 3/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Medizinstudium Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Vorhofflimmern bei Jüngeren gefährlicher als gedacht

06.05.2024 Vorhofflimmern Nachrichten

Immer mehr jüngere Menschen leiden unter Vorhofflimmern. Betroffene unter 65 Jahren haben viele Risikofaktoren und ein signifikant erhöhtes Sterberisiko verglichen mit Gleichaltrigen ohne die Erkrankung.

Chronisches Koronarsyndrom: Gefahr von Hospitalisierung wegen Herzinsuffizienz

06.05.2024 Herzinsuffizienz Nachrichten

Obwohl ein rezidivierender Herzinfarkt bei chronischem Koronarsyndrom wahrscheinlich die Hauptsorge sowohl der Patienten als auch der Ärzte ist, sind andere Ereignisse womöglich gefährlicher. Laut einer französischen Studie stellt eine Hospitalisation wegen Herzinsuffizienz eine größere Gefahr dar.

Das Risiko für Vorhofflimmern in der Bevölkerung steigt

02.05.2024 Vorhofflimmern Nachrichten

Das Risiko, im Lauf des Lebens an Vorhofflimmern zu erkranken, ist in den vergangenen 20 Jahren gestiegen: Laut dänischen Zahlen wird es drei von zehn Personen treffen. Das hat Folgen weit über die Schlaganfallgefährdung hinaus.

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.