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Erschienen in: Herz 5/2012

01.08.2012 | Schwerpunkt

Molekulare Mechanismen der Herz- und Gefäßanpassung durch Sport

Einfluss von Epigenetik, Mechanotransduktion und freien Radikalen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. W. Bloch, F. Suhr, P. Zimmer

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 5/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Die Entschlüsselung der molekularen Mechanismen der durch Sport induzierten Herz- und Gefäßanpassung offenbart die Bedeutung verschiedener mechanischer und metabolischer Reize, die vielfältige kurz- und langfristige Regulationen und Anpassungen von Herz- und Gefäßen hervorrufen können. Hier werden vor allem die molekularen Mechanismen angesprochen, die über freie Radikale oder mechanische Reize vermittelt werden und mit der Veränderung der Extrazellularmatrix (ECM) oder epigenetischer Regulation des funktionellen Genoms verbunden sind. In Herz und Gefäßen spielen freie Radikale eine wesentliche Rolle für physiologische und pathophysiologische Prozesse, und Sport führt zu erhöhtem oxidativen Stress und verbesserter antioxidativer Kapazität. Dies verschiebt die zelluläre oxidative Stressbalance und darüber eine Vielzahl von Signalkaskaden, die physiologische und pathophysiologische Gefäß- und Herzanpassung vermitteln. Eine ebenso große Bedeutung haben mechanische Reize, die direkt oder indirekt auf eine Vielzahl von Signalkaskaden einwirken. Sport verändert jedoch auch die ECM, die für die Vermittlung von mechanischen Stimuli eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. Diese ECM-Veränderungen sind von Bedeutung für zelluläre Anpassungsprozesse, möglicherweise auch im Sinne sog. epigenetischer Modulation, die bisher nur indirekt im kardiovaskulären Gewebe in Zusammenhang mit Sport gebracht werden kann. Es zeichnet sich jedoch ab, dass epigenetische Modulationen durch Sport und körperliche Aktivität eine Veränderung des funktionellen Genoms in Herz und Gefäßen mit sich bringen können, wie dies für andere Einflussfaktoren wie Ernährung und Entzündungen schon bekannt ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Molekulare Mechanismen der Herz- und Gefäßanpassung durch Sport
Einfluss von Epigenetik, Mechanotransduktion und freien Radikalen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. W. Bloch
F. Suhr
P. Zimmer
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2012
Verlag
Urban and Vogel
Erschienen in
Herz / Ausgabe 5/2012
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-012-3637-6

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GLP-1-Agonisten können Fortschreiten diabetischer Retinopathie begünstigen

24.05.2024 Diabetische Retinopathie Nachrichten

Möglicherweise hängt es von der Art der Diabetesmedikamente ab, wie hoch das Risiko der Betroffenen ist, dass sich sehkraftgefährdende Komplikationen verschlimmern.

TAVI versus Klappenchirurgie: Neue Vergleichsstudie sorgt für Erstaunen

21.05.2024 TAVI Nachrichten

Bei schwerer Aortenstenose und obstruktiver KHK empfehlen die Leitlinien derzeit eine chirurgische Kombi-Behandlung aus Klappenersatz plus Bypass-OP. Diese Empfehlung wird allerdings jetzt durch eine aktuelle Studie infrage gestellt – mit überraschender Deutlichkeit.

Update Kardiologie

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