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Erschienen in: Der Internist 8/2013

01.08.2013 | Schwerpunkt

Infektiologische Erstbeurteilung und erste Abklärungsschritte bei Fieber

verfasst von: A. Schibli, M. Weisser, R. Bingisser, A.F. Widmer, Prof. Dr. M. Battegay

Erschienen in: Die Innere Medizin | Ausgabe 8/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Die Erstbeurteilung sowie die ersten Abklärungsschritte bei Patienten mit infektiösen Erkrankungen sind wegen der breiten Differenzialdiagnose anspruchsvoll. Der klinische Ersteindruck, die Anamneseerhebung, die gewissenhafte körperliche Untersuchung und das Routinelabor ermöglichen eine vorläufige Diagnose und Therapie. Leitbeschwerden engen die Differenzialdiagnose wesentlich ein. Bei lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankungen wie Sepsis, Endokarditis, bakterieller Meningitis oder schwerer Pneumonie müssen die ersten diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte rasch erfolgen: Nach Abnahme bakteriologischer Proben aus Blut, Liquor und/oder Sputum ist eine empirische Antibiotikatherapie rasch zu initiieren; das der Erkrankung mutmaßlich zugrunde liegende bakterielle Erregerspektrum muss dadurch abgedeckt sein. In weniger dringlichen Fällen lohnt sich ein Abklärungsverfahren in mehreren Schritten. In dieser Situation ist es wichtig, die mikrobiologische Diagnose abzuwarten, um eine erreger- und resistenzgerechte Antibiotikatherapie durchführen zu können. Atypische Verläufe müssen eine erneute Diagnostik auslösen, wobei die Diagnose kritisch zu beurteilen und neue Differenzialdiagnosen in Betracht zu ziehen sind.
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Metadaten
Titel
Infektiologische Erstbeurteilung und erste Abklärungsschritte bei Fieber
verfasst von
A. Schibli
M. Weisser
R. Bingisser
A.F. Widmer
Prof. Dr. M. Battegay
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Innere Medizin / Ausgabe 8/2013
Print ISSN: 2731-7080
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7099
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-012-3139-x

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