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Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie 3/2019

09.04.2019 | Typ-2-Diabetes | CME

Genetik des Typ-2-Diabetes

verfasst von: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Robert Wagner, Prof. Dr. Harald Staiger

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Typ-2-Diabetes ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung mit ausgeprägter polygenetischer Komponente. Mit Hilfe familienbasierter Kopplungsanalysen, kandidatengenbasierter Genotyp-Phänotyp-Assoziationsanalysen sowie, am erfolgreichsten, hypothesenfreier genomweiter Assoziationsanalysen wurden bisher 403 unabhängige, überwiegend häufig vorkommende Genvarianten in 243 Loci identifiziert, die das Typ-2-Diabetes-Risiko signifikant erhöhen. Die Genvariante mit dem diesbezüglich robustesten Effekt befindet sich im TCF7L2-Gen (TCF7L2: „transcription factor 7‑like 2“) und vermindert die Inkretinsensitivität der pankreatischen β‑Zellen und das therapeutische Ansprechen auf Inkretinachsenmedikamente. Derartige pathomechanistische Einblicke gibt es heute nur zu sehr wenigen Typ-2-Diabetes-Genen. Diesbezügliche Untersuchungen werden durch Gen-Gen‑, Gen-Lebensstil- und Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen erschwert. Auch darum ist die Bedeutung der Risikoallele für die Typ-2-Diabetes-Prädiktion noch sehr begrenzt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Genetik des Typ-2-Diabetes
verfasst von
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Robert Wagner
Prof. Dr. Harald Staiger
Publikationsdatum
09.04.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-019-0474-8

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