Background
Methods
Recruitment and grouping of participants
Dental models preparation and pre-operative planning
Implanting practice on dental models
Evaluation indices
Statistical analysis
Results
Group | Number of exercises (times) | Number of implants (pcs) | Coronal deviation (mm) | Apical deviation (mm) | Axial deviation (°) | p valuea | Multiple mean comparisonsb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | 12 | 72 | 0.91 ± 0.32 | 1.00 ± 0.27 | 1.95 ± 0.84 | < 0.001 | coronal deviation < axial deviation apical deviation < axial deviation |
Group 2 | 12 | 72 | 0.81 ± 0.31 | 1.00 ± 0.32 | 2.00 ± 0.95 | < 0.001 | coronal deviation < apical deviation coronal deviation < axial deviation apical deviation < axial deviation |
Group 3 | 12 | 72 | 0.89 ± 0.29 | 1.11 ± 0.31 | 2.64 ± 0.95 | < 0.001 | coronal deviation < apical deviation coronal deviation < axial deviation apical deviation < axial deviation |
Numbe of exercises (times) | Coronal deviation (mm) | Apical deviation (mm) | Axial deviation (°) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | P valuea | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p valuea | Multiple mean comparisonsb | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p valuea | Multiple mean comparisonsb | |
1–3 times | 1.08 ± 0.37 | 0.95 ± 0.40 | 0.99 ± 0.28 | 0.671 | 1.05 ± 0.30 | 1.24 ± 0.27 | 1.23 ± 0.36 | 0.233 | NS | 2.16 ± 0.93 | 2.94 ± 0.76 | 3.30 ± 0.92 | 0.007 | Group 1 < Group 3 |
4–6 times | 0.76 ± 0.28 | 0.81 ± 0.29 | 0.89 ± 0.31 | 0.523 | 0.91 ± 0.18 | 0.97 ± 0.31 | 1.09 ± 0.35 | 0.313 | NS | 1.63 ± 0.83 | 1.97 ± 0.74 | 2.87 ± 0.66 | < 0.001 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 |
7–9 times | 0.90 ± 0.31 | 0.73 ± 0.11 | 0.91 ± 0.27 | 0.110 | 0.99 ± 0.26 | 0.92 ± 0.15 | 1.17 ± 0.22 | 0.015 | Group 2 < Group 3 | 2.04 ± 0.83 | 1.74 ± 0.54 | 2.48 ± 0.93 | 0.068 | NS |
10–12 times | 0.90 ± 0.19 | 0.73 ± 0.32 | 0.77 ± 0.25 | 0.244 | 1.04 ± 0.27 | 0.85 ± 0.33 | 0.95 ± 0.19 | 0.202 | NS | 1.96 ± 0.59 | 1.33 ± 0.84 | 1.93 ± 0.59 | 0.089 | NS |
p valuea | 0.070 | 0.263 | 0.232 | 0.520 | 0.006 | 0.091 | 0.392 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
Multiple mean comparisonsb | NS | NS | NS | NS | 1–3 times > 7–9 times 1–3 times > 10–12 times | NS | NS | 1–3 times > 4–6 times 1–3 times > 7–9 times 1–3 times > 10–12 times | 1–3 times > 10–12 times 4–6 times > 10–12 times |
Number of exercises (times) | Preparation time (min) | Surgery time (min) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group3 | P valuea | Multiple mean comparisonsb | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p valuea | Multiple mean comparisonsb | |
1–3 times | 2.96 ± 0.19 | 2.99 ± 0.27 | 3.54 ± 0.38 | 0.004 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 | 4.87 ± 0.66 | 4.67 ± 0.86 | 6.96 ± 0.72 | < 0.001 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 |
4–6 times | 2.86 ± 0.20 | 2.79 ± 0.29 | 3.24 ± 0.35 | 0.029 | Group 2 < Group 3 | 4.15 ± 0.45 | 3.80 ± 0.55 | 6.10 ± 0.51 | < 0.001 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 |
7–9 times | 2.78 ± 0.10 | 2.62 ± 0.13 | 3.09 ± 0.25 | 0.001 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 | 3.93 ± 0.56 | 4.25 ± 0.96 | 5.61 ± 0.82 | < 0.001 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 |
10–12 times | 2.76 ± 0.14 | 2.62 ± 0.13 | 3.04 ± 0.16 | < 0.001 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 | 3.63 ± 0.58 | 4.22 ± 0.88 | 5.20 ± 0.69 | < 0.001 | Group 1 < Group 3 Group 2 < Group 3 |
p valuea | 0.143 | 0.022 | 0.034 | < 0.001 | 0.029 | < 0.001 | ||||
Multiple mean comparisonsb | NS | 1–3 times > 7–9 times 1–3 times > 10–12 times | 1–3 times > 10–12 times | 1–3 times > 4–6 times 1–3 times > 7–9 times 1–3 times > 10–12 times | NS | 1–3 times > 4–6 times 1–3 times > 7–9 times 1–3 times > 10–12 times 4–6 times > 10–12 times |