Introduction
Methods
Study selection and search strategy
Data items
Statistical analyses
Results
Descriptive results of selected studies
Main author | Study reference | Age | Source | Country | Pandemic period | No. days | Pre-pandemic period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aharoni (2021) | [51] | Adult | Single center | Israel | 2020-03-01–2020-04-30 | 61 | Same 2019 |
Al Abid (2022) | [52] | All | Multicenter | Australia/New Zealand | 2020-03-15–2020-05-15 | 61 | Same 2019 |
Alakus (2022) | [53] | All | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-11–2020-05-11 | 61 | Same 2019 |
Ali (2020) | [54] | Children | Single center | Pakistan | 2020-03-01–2020-05-30 | 92 | Same 2019 |
Amstel (2022) | [28] | Children | Multicenter | International | 3 months from start of covid | 91 | Same 2019 |
Angeramo (2021) | [55] | All | Single center | Argentina | 2020-04-01–2020-08-31 | 152 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Bada-Bosch (2021) | [56] | Children | Single canter | Spain | 2020-03-13–2020-05-09 | 57 | Same 2019 |
Bellini (2021) | [57] | Children | Single center | Spain | 2020-03-01–2020-05-03 | 63 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 |
Burgard (2021) | [58] | All | Multicenter | Switzerland | 2020-03-12–2020-06-06 | 86 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 |
Büyükakıncak (2022) | [59] | All | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-15–2020-05-15 | 61 | Same 2019 |
Celik (2022) | [60] | Adult | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-11–2020-09-11 | 184 | Same 2019 |
Ceresoli (2021) | [61] | Adult | Multicenter | Italy | 2020-03-01–2020-04 30 | 60 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Dreifuss (2020) | [62] | Adult | Single center | Argentina | 2020-04-01–2020-04-30 | 29 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Drysdale (2020) | [63] | All | Single center | Australia | 2020-03-30–2020-05-17 | 49 | Same 2019 |
Ergun (2021) | [64] | Children | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-11–2020-09-30 | 203 | Same 2012, 2018, 2019 |
Ernudd (2022) | [65] | Children | single center | Sweden | 2020-03-16–2020-06-16 | 92 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 |
Espararaz (2021) | [66] | All | Single center | USA | 2020-03-01–2020-05-31 | 91 | Same 2019 |
Fersahoglu (2022) | [29] | All | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-11–2020-06-01 | 50 | Same 2019 |
Fonseca (2020) | [67] | Adult | Single center | Brazil | 2020-03-01–2020-04-30 | 61 | Same 2019 |
Ginchereau (2022) | [68] | Adult | Single center | Canada | 2020-03-13–2020-06-30 | 109 | Same 2019 |
Guadalajara (2021) | [69] | Adult | Multicenter | Spain | 2020-03-14–2020-05-02 | 49 | Same 2019 |
Göksoy (2020) | [70] | Adult | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-15–2020-05-15 | 61 | Same 2019 |
Hayatghaibi (2021) | [34] | Children | Multicenter | USA | 2020-03-01–2020-05-31 | 91 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 |
Horst (2021) | [31] | Children | Single center | USA | 2020-03-01–2020-05-31 | 91 | Same2019 |
Hrishikesh (2021) | [71] | All | Single center | UK | 2020-03-01–2020-06-05 | 97 | Same 2019 |
Huijgen (2022) | [72] | Adult | Multicenter | Netherlands | 2020-03-12–2020-05-31: 2020-10-14–2020-12-31 | 151 | Same 2019 |
Hutchings (2022) | [73] | Adult | Regional | England | 2020-03-11–2020-05-12 | 63 | Same2019 |
Jantzen (2022) | [74] | All | Regional | Denmark | 2020-03-23–2020-04-19 | 27 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 |
Köhler (2021) | Adult | Regional | Germany | 2020-03-01–2020-06-30 | 121 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 | |
La Pergola (2021) | [75] | Children | Multicenter | Italy | 2020-02-20–2020-04-20 | 60 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 |
Lee-Archer (2020) | [76] | Children | Single center | Australia | 2020-03-16–2020-05-05 | 50 | Same 2019 |
Li (2022) | [77] | Children | Single center | USA | 2020-03-01–2020-06-30 | 121 | Same 2019 |
Maneck (2021) | [26] | All | Regional | Germany | 2020-03-16–2020-04-26 | 41 | Same 2018,2019 |
McGuinness (2021) | [78] | All | Single center | New Zealand | 2020-02-28–2020-06-08 | 101 | Same 2019 |
Meric (2021) | [33] | All | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-13–2020-05-20 | 70 | Same 2019 |
Meyer (2021) | [79] | All | Single center | Germany | 2020-03-01–2020-08-31 | 183 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Mowbray (2021) | [32] | Adult | Multicenter | Wales | 2020-04-01–2020-04-30 | 29 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Nassiri (2022) | [80] | Children | Single center | USA | 2020-03-23–2020-08-31 | 161 | Same 2019 |
Orthopoulos (2021) | [81] | All | Single center | USA | 2020-03-16–2020-04-30 | 45 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Patel (2021) | [35] | Adult | Single center | USA | 2020-03-15–2020-05-32 | 77 | Same 2019 |
Pellicciaro (2022) | [82] | All | Single center | Italy | 2020-03-10–2021-03-10 | 365 | Same 2019, 2020 |
Percul (2021) | [83] | All | Single center | Argentina | 2020-03-20–2020-08-20 | 153 | Same 2019 |
Perea del Pozo (2020) | [84] | All | Single center | Spain | 2020-03-11–2020-04-17 | 37 | Same 2019 |
Raffaele (2020) | [85] | Children | Single center | Italy | 2020-02-01–2020-05-30 | 111 | Same 2019 |
Riveros (2020) | [86] | Adult | Single center | Chile | 2020-03-16–2020-08-16 | 153 | Same 2019 |
Roberts (2022) | [87] | Children | Multicenter | Australia/New Zealand | 2020-03-01–2020-04-30 | 60 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Rudnicki (2021) | [88] | All | Single center | Israel | 2020-03-01–2020-04-30 | 60 | Same 2019 |
Sartori (2021)[55] | [89] | Adult | Regional | Italy | 2020-03-01–2020-04-30 | 60 | Same 2019 |
Scheijmans (2021) | [38] | Adult | multicenter | Netherlands | 2020-03-15–2020-04-30 | 46 | Same 2019 |
Schäfer (2021) | [44] | Children | Multicenter | Germany | 2020-03-20–2020-05-31 | 72 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Steffani (2021) | [45] | All | Multicenter | Germany | 2020-03-15–2020-05-15 | 61 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Sukmanee (2022) | [90] | All | Regional | Thailand | 2020-03-01–2020-06-31 | 121 | Same 2019 2021 |
Surek (2020) | [91] | All | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-14–2020-05-15 | 62 | Same 2019 |
Tamirian (2022) | [37] | Adult | Multicenter | USA | 2020-03-22–2020-05-31 | 80 | Same 2019 |
Theodorou (2021) | [92] | Children | Multicenter | USA | 2020-03-19–2020-09-19 | 184 | Same 2019 |
Turhan (2022) | [93] | Adult | Single center | Turkey | 2020-03-11–2020-05-21 | 71 | Same 2019 |
Wang (2021) | [94] | Adult | Single center | Japan | 2020-01-01–2020-05-30 | 153 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Wang (2022) | [95] | Adult | Single center | Taiwan | 2020-01-01–2020-06-30 | 182 | Same 2017, 2018, 2019 |
Wichmann (2021) | [46] | Adult | Single center | Germany | 2020-03-16–2020-05-31 | 76 | Same 2018, 2019 |
Willms (2021) | [27] | All | Multicenter | Germany | 2020-02-25–2020-05-05 | 70 | Same 2019 |
Yang (2021) | [96] | Adult | Single center | China | 2020-01-01–2020-09-30 | 151 | Same 2019 |
Zhang (2022) | [97] | Adult | Single center | China | 2020-02-01–2020-06-30 | 150 | Same 2019 |
Zhou (2021) | [98] | All | Single center | China | 2020-01-27–2020-03-31 | 64 | Same 2019 |
Main author | Study reference | Pandemic period | Pre-pandemic period | Delay* | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. complicated | No. uncomplicated | Proportion complicated | No. complicated | No. uncomplicated | Proportion complicated | |||
Aharoni (2021) | [51] | 15 | 59 | 20.3 | 11 | 49 | 18.3 | 0 |
AlAbid (2022) | [52] | 46 | 56 | 45.1 | 51 | 103 | 33.1 | 0 |
Alakus (2022) | [53] | 8 | 38 | 17.4 | 7 | 77 | 8.3 | 1 |
Ali (2020) | [54] | 23 | 19 | 54.8 | 8 | 112 | 6.7 | – |
Amstel (2022) | [28] | 672 | 615 | 52.2 | 669 | 767 | 46.6 | – |
Angeramo (2021) | [55] | 25 | 35 | 42.7 | 11 | 71 | 13.4 | 1 |
Bada-Bosch (2021) | [56] | 8 | 4 | 66.7 | 14 | 19 | 42.4 | – |
Bellini (2021) | [57] | 13 | 14 | 48.1 | 7 | 18 | 28.0 | – |
Burgard (2021) | [58] | 30 | 30 | 50.0 | 21 | 55 | 27.6 | 1 |
Büyükakıncak (2022) | [59] | 70 | 65 | 51.9 | 63 | 146 | 30.1 | – |
Celik (2022) | [60] | 51 | 150 | 25.4 | 42 | 164 | 20.4 | – |
Ceresoli (2021) | [61] | 45 | 67 | 40.2 | 55 | 155 | 26.2 | – |
Dreifuss (2020) | [62] | 7 | 8 | 46.7 | 6 | 27 | 18.2 | 1 |
Drysdale (2020) | [63] | 7 | 32 | 17.9 | 9 | 32 | 22.0 | – |
Ergun (2021) | [64] | 29 | 68 | 29.9 | 14 | 109 | 11.4 | 1 |
Ernudd (2022) | [65] | 50 | 191 | 20.7 | 60 | 157 | 27.6 | – |
Espararaz (2021) | [66] | 47 | 56 | 45.6 | 26 | 76 | 25.5 | – |
Fersahoglu (2022) | [29] | 9 | 37 | 19.6 | 24 | 55 | 30.4 | – |
Fonseca (2020) | [67] | 11 | 20 | 35.5 | 12 | 54 | 18.2 | 1 |
Ginchereau (2022) | [68] | 61 | 124 | 33.0 | 69 | 130 | 34.7 | 0 |
Guadalajara (2021) | [69] | 118 | 116 | 50.4 | 131 | 228 | 36.5 | |
Göksoy (2020) | [70] | 9 | 36 | 20.0 | 5 | 43 | 10.4 | – |
Hayatghaibi (2021) | [34] | 2312 | 2230 | 50.9 | 2308 | 2655 | 46.5 | – |
Horst (2021) | [31] | 14 | 34 | 29.2 | 6 | 47 | 11.3 | 1 |
Hrishikesh (2021) | [71] | 29 | 97 | 23.0 | 49 | 146 | 25.1 | – |
Huijgen (2022) | [72] | 383 | 586 | 39.5 | 323 | 595 | 35.2 | 0 |
Hutchings (2022) | [73] | 1234 | 2386 | 34.1 | 1786 | 3189 | 35.9 | – |
Jantzen (2022) | [74] | 47 | 360 | 11.5 | 69 | 371 | 15.7 | – |
Köhler (2021) | 926 | 2687 | 25.6 | 1006 | 3289 | 23.4 | – | |
La Pergola (2021) | [75] | 26 | 59 | 30.6 | 31 | 72 | 30.1 | 0 |
Lee-Archer (2020) | [76] | 23 | 25 | 47.9 | 14 | 43 | 24.6 | – |
Li (2022) | [77] | 42 | 48 | 46.7 | 37 | 78 | 32.2 | 1 |
Maneck (2021) | [26] | 786 | 2016 | 28.1 | 749 | 2459 | 23.3 | – |
McGuinness (2021) | [78] | 33 | 21 | 61.1 | 30 | 25 | 54.5 | – |
Meric (2021) | [33] | 7 | 33 | 17.5 | 7 | 103 | 6.4 | – |
Meyer (2021) | [79] | 15 | 23 | 39.5 | 7 | 25 | 21.9 | 0 |
Mowbray (2021) | [32] | 30 | 32 | 48.4 | 34 | 48 | 41.5 | 1 |
Nassiri (2022) | [80] | 83 | 175 | 32.2 | 74 | 173 | 30.0 | 0 |
Orthopoulos (2021) | [81] | 25 | 15 | 62.5 | 21 | 74 | 22.1 | 0 |
Patel (2021) | [35] | 23 | 52 | 30.7 | 23 | 88 | 20.7 | 0 |
Pellicciaro (2022) | [82] | 22 | 14 | 61.1 | 15 | 44 | 25.4 | 1 |
Percul (2021) | [83] | 29 | 16 | 64.4 | 27 | 23 | 54.0 | 0 |
Perea del Pozo 2020 | [84] | 11 | 9 | 55.0 | 10 | 32 | 23.8 | – |
Raffaele 2020 | [85] | 7 | 7 | 50.0 | 2 | 11 | 15.4 | – |
Riveros 2020 | [86] | 36 | 98 | 26.9 | 17 | 94 | 15.3 | – |
Roberts (2022) | [87] | 49 | 95 | 34.0 | 48 | 80 | 37.5 | 0 |
Rudnicki (2021) | [88] | 11 | 52 | 17.5 | 11 | 49 | 18.3 | 1 |
Sartori (2021) w | [89] | 323 | 223 | 59.2 | 412 | 379 | 52.1 | – |
Scheijmans (2021) | [38] | 283 | 321 | 46.9 | 245 | 391 | 38.5 | 1 |
Schäfer (2021) | [44] | 49 | 119 | 29.2 | 35 | 126 | 21.7 | – |
Steffani (2021) | [45] | 22 | 12 | 64.7 | 10 | 34 | 22.7 | 0 |
Sukmanee (2022) | [90] | 12,941 | 9065 | 58.8 | 14,021 | 11,386 | 55.2 | – |
Surek 2020 | [91] | 18 | 24 | 42.9 | 29 | 126 | 18.7 | – |
Tamirian (2022) | [37] | 24 | 34 | 41.4 | 22 | 92 | 19.3 | 1 |
Theodorou (2021) | [92] | 249 | 343 | 42.1 | 245 | 361 | 40.4 | 0 |
Turhan (2022) | [93] | 18 | 43 | 29.5 | 8 | 95 | 7.8 | 1 |
Wang (2021) | [94] | 10 | 22 | 31.3 | 3 | 21 | 12.5 | 0 |
Wang (2022) | [95] | 43 | 102 | 29.7 | 21 | 86 | 19.6 | 1 |
Wichmann (2021) | [46] | 21 | 25 | 45.7 | 13 | 36 | 26.5 | 1 |
Willms (2021) | [27] | 569 | 319 | 64.1 | 597 | 430 | 58.1 | 0 |
Yang (2021) | [96] | 5 | 18 | 21.7 | 11 | 35 | 23.9 | 1 |
Zhang (2022) | [97] | 13 | 97 | 11.8 | 35 | 120 | 22.6 | 0 |
Zhou (2021) | [98] | 17 | 76 | 18.3 | 11 | 129 | 7.9 | – |
Impact on proportion of complicated appendicitis
Study base | Number of reports | Proportion complicated | Complicated appendicitis | Uncomplicated appendicitis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk ratio | 95% CI | Incidence ratio | 95% CI | Incidence ratio | 95% CI | ||
All types of study base | 63 | 1.39 | 1.25, 1.53 | 1.15 | 1.04, 1.27 | 0.66 | 0.59, 0.73 |
Single-center | 41 | 1.61 | 1.37, 1.88 | 1.27 | 1.09, 1.49 | 0.62 | 0.53, 0.72 |
Multi-center | 11 | 1.14 | 1.09, 1.19 | 1.08 | 0.97, 1.19 | 0.70 | 0.57, 0.86 |
Regional | 11 | 1.11 | 1.03, 1.18 | 0.91 | 0.82, 1.01 | 0.75 | 0.65, 0.87 |
Multicenter + Regional | 22 | 1.13 | 1.08, 1.19 | 0.98 | 0.90, 1.07 | 0.73 | 0.65, 0.82 |
Agecategory | |||||||
Children | 16 | 1.44 | 1.11, 1.85 | 1.29 | 1.05, 1.57 | 0.73 | 0.59, 0.92 |
Adult | 24 | 1.49 | 1.25, 1.78 | 1.10 | 0.94, 1.29 | 0.57 | 0.48, 0.69 |
All ages | 23 | 1.27 | 1.13, 1.42 | 1.11 | 0.93, 1.33 | 0.71 | 0.61, 0.82 |
Delay | |||||||
No delay | 16 | 1.21 | 1.02, 1.44 | 1.11 | 0.93, 1.33 | 0.79 | 0.65, 0.95 |
Delay present | 17 | 1.75 | 1.46, 2.11 | 1.40 | 1.17, 1.66 | 0.59 | 0.49, 0.70 |