Introduction
Methods
Patient enrolment and study design
Statistical analysis
Results
Epidemiological characteristics of the participants in this study
Epidemiological characteristics | Number | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 80 | 32.1 | |
Female | 169 | 67.9 | |
Age, years | |||
18 ~ 29 | 18 | 7.2 | |
30 ~ 39 | 87 | 34.9 | |
40 ~ 49 | 75 | 30.1 | |
50 ~ 59 | 69 | 27.7 | |
SAPHO duration, years | |||
< 5 | 131 | 52.6 | |
5 ≤ to < 10 | 84 | 33.7 | |
≥ 10 | 34 | 13.7 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | |||
< 18.5 | 9 | 3.6 | |
18.5 ≤ to < 24 | 123 | 49.4 | |
24 ≤ to < 28 | 81 | 32.5 | |
≥ 28 | 36 | 14.5 | |
Smoking | |||
YES | 72 | 28.9 | |
NO | 177 | 71.1 | |
Drinking | |||
YES | 17 | 6.8 | |
NO | 232 | 93.2 | |
Marital status | |||
Married | 232 | 93.5 | |
Single / Divorced / Widowed | 16 | 6.5 | |
Educational level | |||
Primary or junior high school | 62 | 24.9 | |
Senior high school | 85 | 34.1 | |
University or college | 72 | 28.9 | |
Master’s or further education | 30 | 12.0 | |
Occupational status | |||
Brain work | 159 | 63.9 | |
Physical work | 72 | 28.9 | |
Brain and physical | 5 | 2.0 | |
Homemaker | 13 | 5.2 | |
Work status | |||
Employed | 129 | 51.8 | |
Retired / housewives | 120 | 48.2 |
Results of sexual function assessment using FSFI (for female) and IIEF (for male)
FSFI: Female Sexual Function Index | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 169) | FSD (124, 73.4%) | nFSD (45, 26.6%) | p | |||||
Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Desire | 2.52 | 1.02 | 1.2 ~ 6 | 2.12 | 0.77 | 3.61 | 0.81 | < 0.01* |
Arousal | 2.22 | 1.62 | 0 ~ 6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 4.21 | 0.7 | < 0.01* |
Lubrication | 3.08 | 2.26 | 0 ~ 6 | 2.2 | 2 | 5.51 | 0.44 | < 0.01* |
Orgasm | 2.54 | 1.96 | 0 ~ 6 | 1.76 | 1.66 | 4.69 | 0.66 | < 0.01* |
Satisfaction | 3.29 | 1.28 | 0.8 ~ 6 | 2.79 | 1.07 | 4.67 | 0.61 | < 0.01* |
Pain | 2.27 | 1.55 | 0 ~ 5.2 | 1.96 | 1.67 | 3.15 | 0.49 | < 0.01* |
Full scale score | 15.93 | 8.63 | 2.3 ~ 31.2 | 12.33 | 7.15 | 25.85 | 2.1 | < 0.01* |
IIEF: International Index of Erectile Function | ||||||||
Total (n = 80) | ED (45, 56.3%) | nED (35, 43.7%) | p | |||||
Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Erectile function | 20.76 | 9.36 | 1 ~ 30 | 14.69 | 8.34 | 28.57 | 1.48 | < 0.01* |
Orgasmic function | 6.85 | 3.78 | 0 ~ 10 | 4.73 | 3.82 | 9.57 | 0.85 | < 0.01* |
Sexual desire | 6.45 | 2.38 | 2 ~ 10 | 5.11 | 2.13 | 8.17 | 1.36 | < 0.01* |
Intercourse satisfaction | 7.34 | 4.42 | 0 ~ 14 | 4.87 | 4.1 | 10.51 | 2.27 | < 0.01* |
Overall satisfaction | 6.70 | 1.85 | 2 ~ 10 | 5.82 | 1.66 | 7.83 | 1.44 | < 0.01* |
Full scare score | 48.10 | 19.88 | 5 ~ 74 | 35.22 | 17.2 | 64.66 | 5.84 | < 0.01* |
Comparison of clinical characteristics between participants with and without sexual dysfunction
Female sexual dysfunction | No female sexual dysfunction | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Married (n, %) | 118, 95.2 | 43, 95.6 | 1 |
Current smoker (n, %) | 16, 12.9 | 11, 24.4 | 0.07 |
Current drinker (n, %) | 0, 0 | 3, 6.7 | 0.018* |
Higher education (n, %) | 55, 44.4 | 15, 33.3 | 0.199 |
Mental work dominant (n, %) | 78, 62.9 | 33, 73.3 | 0.207 |
Employeed (n, %) | 59, 47.6 | 24, 53.3 | 0.508 |
Age, years (mean, SD) | 43.88, 9.86 | 42.44, 8.39 | 0.39 |
SAPHO duration, years (mean, SD) | 5.57, 4.94 | 5.49, 4.90 | 0.92 |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean, SD) | 23.58, 3.61 | 24.34, 6.56 | 0.34 |
QoL PF (mean, SD) | 77.26, 17.81 | 82.11, 17.56 | 0.712 |
QoL RP (mean, SD) | 42.74, 43.68 | 51.67, 45.97 | 0.785 |
QoL RE (mean, SD) | 42.74, 41.98 | 51.11, 47.46 | 0.746 |
QoL VT (mean, SD) | 57.34, 21.23 | 66.67, 19.31 | 0.01* |
QoL MH (mean, SD) | 61.26, 19.22 | 68.89, 15.40 | 0.02* |
QoL SF (mean, SD) | 69.76, 23.38 | 77.50, 21.09 | 0.726 |
QoL BP (mean, SD) | 64.92, 18.85 | 69.00, 22.39 | 0.24 |
QoL GH (mean, SD) | 48.55, 18.78 | 54.44, 20.70 | 0.08 |
Sexual relationship (mean, SD) | 31.83, 20.16 | 71.88, 17.00 | 0.00*** |
Self-esteem (mean, SD) | 55.65, 25.20 | 83.89, 14.63 | 0.00*** |
Confidence (mean, SD) | 54.10, 24.11 | 84.35, 14.19 | 0.00*** |
Overall relationship (mean, SD) | 51.01, 31.82 | 85.28, 16.05 | 0.00*** |
Erectile dysfunction | No erectile dysfunction | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Married (n, %) | 40, 88.9 | 32, 91.4 | 1 |
Current smoker (n, %) | 24, 53.3 | 21, 60 | 0.551 |
Current drinker (n, %) | 5, 11.1 | 9, 25.7 | 0.88 |
Higher education (n, %) | 19, 42.2 | 13, 37.1 | 0.645 |
Mental work dominant (n, %) | 31, 68.9 | 22, 62.9 | 0.571 |
Employeed (n, %) | 27, 60 | 19, 20.1 | 0.608 |
Age, years (mean, SD) | 39.44, 7.72 | 41.29, 8.67 | 0.32 |
SAPHO duration, years (mean, SD) | 4.79, 3.67 | 5.69, 5.00 | 0.36 |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean, SD) | 26.02, 3.78 | 24.72, 3.54 | 0.12 |
QoL PF (mean, SD) | 81.00,21.84 | 86.71, 12.54 | 0.059 |
QoL RP (mean, SD) | 57.22, 45.11 | 58.57, 45.35 | 0.31 |
QoL RE (mean, SD) | 54.81, 45.59 | 58.10, 44.53 | 0.266 |
QoL VT (mean, SD) | 55.78, 22.31 | 63.29, 22.78 | 0.14 |
QoL MH (mean, SD) | 58.04, 18.64 | 63.89, 22.26 | 0.21 |
QoL SF (mean, SD) | 72.50, 23.32 | 74.29, 22.88 | 0.058 |
QoL BP (mean, SD) | 70.67, 18.90 | 71.07, 16.94 | 0.92 |
QoL GH (mean, SD) | 51.22, 21.46 | 53.29, 19.10 | 0.66 |
Sexual relationship (mean, SD) | 65.42, 27.42 | 57.23, 24.85 | 0.17 |
Self-esteem (mean, SD) | 66.81, 28.79 | 60.18, 26.95 | 0.30 |
Confidence (mean, SD) | 67.41, 27.86 | 60.71, 24.90 | 0.27 |
Overall relationship (mean, SD) | 68.61, 29.51 | 61.79, 26.94 | 0.29 |
Potential risk factors for participants sexual dysfunction using logistic regression
Predictor | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Current somker | 0.153 | 0.022 ~ 1.053 | 0.06 | |
Higher education | 2.927 | 0.722 ~ 1.053 | 0.13 | |
Mental work dominant | 1.148 | 0.290 ~ 1.053 | 0.84 | |
QoL Vitality | 1.014 | 0.962 ~ 1.053 | 0.60 | |
QoL Mental health | 0.979 | 0.930 ~ 1.053 | 0.43 | |
QoL Bodily pain | 1.008 | 0.974 ~ 1.053 | 0.66 | |
QoL General health | 1.012 | 0.966 ~ 1.053 | 0.61 | |
Sexual relationship | 0.904 | 0.866 ~ 1.053 | 0.00* | |
Confidence | 0.955 | 0.912 ~ 1.053 | 0.05 | |
Current drinker | 0.000 | 0.000 ~ 1.053 | 1.00 | |
Age, years | ||||
18 ~ 29 | ||||
30 ~ 39 | 0.412 | 0.008 ~ 1.053 | 0.66 | |
40 ~ 49 | 0.315 | 0.006 ~ 1.053 | 0.56 | |
50 ~ 59 | 0.268 | 0.005 ~ 1.053 | 0.52 | |
SAPHO duration, years | ||||
< 5 | ||||
5 ≤ to < 10 | 1.060 | 0.233 ~ 1.053 | 0.94 | |
≥ 10 | 1.178 | 0.171 ~ 1.053 | 0.87 | |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
< 18.5 | ||||
18.5 ≤ to < 24 | 6.571 | 0.190 ~ 1.053 | 0.30 | |
24 ≤ to < 28 | 8.734 | 0.224 ~ 1.053 | 0.25 | |
≥ 28 | 34.573 | 0.535 ~ 1.053 | 0.10 |
Predictor | OR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
< 18.5 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
18.5 ≤ to < 24 | 0.000 | 0 | 1.00 | |
24 ≤ to < 28 | 0.000 | 0 | 1.00 | |
QoL Physical functioning | 0.986 | 0.953 ~ 1.021 | 0.44 | |
QoL Vitality | 0.974 | 0.937 ~ 1.021 | 0.20 | |
QoL Social functioning | 1.017 | 0.983 ~ 1.021 | 0.33 | |
QoL Mental health | 0.990 | 0.952 ~ 1.021 | 0.63 | |
Sexual relationship | 1.019 | 0.975 ~ 1.021 | 0.41 | |
Self-esteem | 0.995 | 0.918 ~ 1.021 | 0.91 | |
Confidence | 1.008 | 0.927 ~ 1.021 | 0.86 |