Background
Manifestation of symptoms
Prevalence across age
Sex & gender differences in treatment
AKL-T01 intervention
Rationale and current study
Methods
Overview
Procedures
Intervention
Outcomes
Baseline characteristics and compliance
Objective attention change score
ADHD symptom change score
Statistical analysis
Baseline and compliance differences
Primary analyses
Results
Participants
Children
Adolescents
Adults
Sex differences in intervention sessions completed and age
Sex differences in baseline measurements of attention and ADHD symptoms
Children
Measure | Female | Male | p value |
---|---|---|---|
M(SD) | M(SD) | (corrected) | |
Children | n = 55 | n = 125 | |
Objective Outcomes | |||
ACS baseline | -4.58 (2.71) | -5.34 (3.07) | 0.045 (0.07) |
RHTH baseline | 74.46 (21.04) | 75.22 (21.06) | 0.91 |
Variability baseline | 58.16 (28.69) | 42.94 (36.77) | 0.001 (0.005) |
d'prime baseline | 71.89 (9.07) | 74.68 (7.82) | 0.05 |
Subjective Outcomes | |||
ADHD-RS total score baseline | 37.27 (7.34) | 39.77 (6.42) | 0.02 (0.05) |
ADHD-RS Inattention subscore | 22.06 (3.55) | 21.81(3.45) | 0.66 |
Adolescents | n = 60 | n = 86 | |
Objective Outcomes | |||
ACS baseline | -6.40 (4.72) | -4.781(2.74) | 0.04 (0.08) |
RHTH baseline | 75.52 (27.89) | 84.75 (19.98) | 0.04 (0.08) |
Variability baseline | 33.97 (52.22) | 47.44 (34.53) | 0.1 |
d'prime baseline | 67.49 (10.59) | 69.09 (9.79) | 0.33 |
Subjective Outcomes | |||
ADHD-RS total score baseline | 30.33 (8.87) | 32.31 (9.34) | 0.2 |
ADHD-RS Inattention subscore | 19.27 (5.42) | 18.66 (4.86) | 0.48 |
Adults | n = 107 | n = 56 | |
Objective Outcomes | |||
ACS baseline | -7.08 (4.10) | -12.60 (10.54) | 0.003 (0.008) |
RHTH baseline | 68.68 (30.30) | 57.492 (50.258) | 0.8 |
Variability baseline | 32.81 (45.37) | -22.450 (109.992) | 0.004 (0.008) |
d'prime baseline | 65.30 (17.07) | 48.100 (44.89) | 0.043 (0.058) |
Subjective Outcomes | |||
ADHD-RS total score baseline | 39.00 (7.33) | 36.50 (7.39) | 0.06 |
ADHD-RS Inattention subscore | 22.10 (3.09) | 21.11 (3.58) | 0.08 |
Adolescents
Adults
Sex differences in outcomes
Children
Model | Term | Estimate | std.error | Statistic | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACS | (Intercept) | 0.56 | 0.51 | 1.09 | 0.28 |
Male | -0.93 | 0.46 | -2.03 | 0.04 | |
ACS BL | -0.21 | 0.09 | -2.33 | 0.02 | |
RTMH | (Intercept) | 32.18 | 5.26 | 6.12 | < .001 |
Male | -10.59 | 2.95 | -3.6 | < .001 | |
RTMH BL | -0.27 | 0.07 | -4.06 | < .001 | |
Variability | (Intercept) | 20.21 | 6.22 | 3.25 | 0 |
Male | -4.97 | 3.89 | -1.28 | 0.2 | |
Variability BL | -0.16 | 0.08 | -2.03 | 0.04 | |
d'prime | (Intercept) | 23.94 | 6.78 | 3.53 | < .001 |
Male | 0.03 | 1.3 | 0.02 | 0.98 | |
d'prime BL | -0.31 | 0.1 | -3.27 | 0 | |
ADHD-RS Total | (Intercept) | 0.6 | 3.39 | 0.18 | 0.86 |
Male | 0.02 | 1.27 | 0.01 | 0.99 | |
Total Score BL | -0.17 | 0.09 | -2.02 | 0.05 | |
ADHD-RS inattention | (Intercept) | 4.93 | 2.37 | 2.08 | 0.04 |
Male | -0.17 | 0.78 | -0.22 | 0.82 | |
Inattention BL | -0.38 | 0.1 | -3.72 | < .001 |
Adolescent and Adult
Model | Term | Estimate | std.error | Statistic | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACS | (Intercept) | 1.13 | 0.74 | 1.51 | 0.13 |
Male | -0.47 | 0.65 | -0.72 | 0.47 | |
ACS BL | -0.32 | 0.09 | -3.63 | < .001 | |
RTMH | (Intercept) | 48.66 | 5.79 | 8.41 | < .001 |
Male | -1.63 | 2.99 | -0.54 | 0.59 | |
RTMH BL | -0.46 | 0.06 | -7.57 | < .001 | |
Variability | (Intercept) | 38.02 | 7.25 | 5.24 | < .001 |
Male | 0 | 5.65 | 0 | 1 | |
Variability BL | -0.39 | 0.11 | -3.59 | < .001 | |
d'prime | (Intercept) | 5.33 | 7.33 | 0.73 | 0.47 |
Male | -2.86 | 1.92 | -1.49 | 0.14 | |
d'prime BL | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.81 | |
ADHD-RS Total | (Intercept) | 4.55 | 2.36 | 1.93 | 0.06 |
Male | 0.91 | 1.31 | 0.7 | 0.49 | |
Total Score BL | -0.31 | 0.07 | -4.36 | < .001 | |
ADHD-RS inattention | (Intercept) | 5.34 | 1.67 | 3.2 | 0 |
Male | 0.37 | 0.83 | 0.45 | 0.65 | |
Inattention BL | -0.45 | 0.08 | -5.64 | < .001 |
Model | Term | Estimate | std.error | Statistic | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ACS | (Intercept) | 1.02 | 0.54 | 1.87 | 0.06 |
Male | -0.28 | 0.86 | -0.32 | 0.75 | |
ACS BL | -0.62 | 0.07 | -8.82 | < .001 | |
RTMH | (Intercept) | 79.08 | 5.27 | 15.01 | < .001 |
Male | 4.12 | 2.61 | 1.58 | 0.12 | |
RTMH BL | -0.71 | 0.06 | -11.41 | < .001 | |
Variability | (Intercept) | 64.14 | 3.88 | 16.54 | < .001 |
Male | 1.42 | 6.21 | 0.23 | 0.82 | |
Variability BL | -0.66 | 0.05 | -12.45 | < .001 | |
d'prime | (Intercept) | 29.82 | 6.42 | 4.65 | < .001 |
Male | -6.41 | 3.89 | -1.65 | 0.1 | |
d'prime BL | -0.28 | 0.1 | -2.97 | 0 | |
ADHD-RS Total | (Intercept) | 1.38 | 3.35 | 0.41 | 0.68 |
Male | -0.72 | 1.35 | -0.53 | 0.59 | |
Total Score BL | -0.25 | 0.08 | -2.94 | 0 | |
ADHD-RS inattention | (Intercept) | 4.23 | 2.6 | 1.63 | 0.11 |
Male | -0.65 | 0.82 | -0.79 | 0.43 | |
Inattention BL | -0.42 | 0.12 | -3.62 | < .001 |