Introduction
Methods
Search strategy
PICO and inclusion/exclusion criteria
Quality assessment
Data extraction
Quality of the evidence (GRADE system)
Statistical analysis
Results
Study characteristics
Author | Study design | Study group | Patients | Male, female | Mean age | Follow-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Hourani [5] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients < 65 years of age. Exclusion criteria: patients undergoing bilateral TJA or revision procedures | 91 | 42, 49 | 59 | 1 year |
Anderson [6] | Retrospective cohort | Exclusion criteria: patients with any additional injuries, a hip fracture other than a subcapital or transcervical FNF, a non-displaced FNF, age less than 45 or greater than 65 were excluded | 23 | 9, 14 | 58.5 | 2 years |
Atkinson [7] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: Patients with bilateral hip osteoarthritis | 39 | 24, 15 | 62.87 | 34 months |
Baldursson [8] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with ankylosing spondylitis | 10 | 8, 2 | 32 | 3.8 years |
Batra [9] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: driving patients, who didn't undergo for femur fractures and revision THAs | 198 | 69, 129 | 69 | 8 weeks |
Berger [10] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients between 40 and 75 years of age having primary THA who did not have a history of previous hip surgery. Exclusion criteria: Patients with a history (within 1 year) of myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, or anticoagulation therapy were excluded. In addition, patients with considerable obesity (body mass index more than 35) or with three or more important medical comorbidities, that were not controlled | 100 | 74, 26 | 56 | 3 months |
Boersma [11] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients between 18–63 years of age, had a paid job, were scheduled to undergo THA or TKA as a result of primary osteoarthritis | 97 | 41, 56 | 56 | 12 months |
Bohm [2] | Retrospective Cohort | Inclusion criteria: working aged patients | 60 | 22, 24(missing) | 51.35 | 1 year |
Clyde [12] | Prospective Cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients 18 and older receiving Workers' Compensation at the time of their THA | 43 | 31, 12 | 5.2 years | |
Danielsson [13] | Retrospective Cohort | 30 | 10, 20 | 59 | 3–4 years | |
Drobniewski [14] | Retrospective Cohort | Inclusion criteria: women under the age of 59 years and men under the age of 64 years who underwent surgery due to advanced hip osteoarthritis | 114 | 66, 48 | 51.23 | 12 months |
Drobniewski [15] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: Patients aged ≤ 30 years | 87 | 34, 53 | 25.7 | 20.1 years |
Goeb [16] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: Patients aged 35–70 years. Exclusion criteria: patients with inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis with multiple joint involvement such that other joints limit functional status and mobility, abnormal renal function, hypercoagulable state, body mass index > 40, previous ipsilateral femoral neck fracture, chronic opioid use, dementia, Alzheimer’s, neuromuscular conditions limiting ambulation, and patients who underwent contralateral THA in the prior 6 months | 72 | 42, 30 | 60.4 | 6 weeks |
Hauer [17] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients below the retirement age (male < 65, female < 62) at the time of their THA, had a diagnosis of non-inflammatory arthritis (osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, developmental dysplasia) and were at least 6 months post-surgery were included. Exclusion criteria: individuals who were fewer than 6 months post-surgery, had a one-stage bilateral THA or hip replacement due to a femoral neck fracture or a tumor | 273 | 145, 128 | 53.9 | 30.9 months |
He [18] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with ankylosing spondylitis aged between 18 to 65 years old Exclusion criteria: patients with a history of revision arthroplasty, other lower limb or spine surgery; patients with medical comorbidities, including severe lung, heart, or other diseases which could affect the work ability; | 128 | 107, 21 | 40 | 12 months |
Jensen [19] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with hip disease | 387 | 139, 248 | 67 | 5 years |
Johnsson [20] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients who were below the age of 60 at surgery with primary arthrosis | 118 | 76, 42 | 54 | 2 years |
Kamp [21] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients who underwent THA for primary OSTEOARTHRITIS. preoperatively employed and aged 18–63 were included | 100 | 46, 54 | 56 | 12 months |
Kleim [51] | Cross-sectional | Inclusion criteria: Those who were 6 months to 3 years after surgery had a diagnosis of OA and were under the age of sixty at the time of their primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) were included. Only patients five or more years below the retirement age (65) were recruited | 52 | 23, 29 | 52 | 22 months |
Laasik [22] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients employed for a minimum of 6 months in the participating organizations | 408 | 110, 298 | 54.3 | 1 year |
Latijnhouwers [23] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: Data from patients that were scheduled for primary THA because of osteoarthritis | 876 | 335, 541 | 68 | 12 months |
Leichtenberg [24] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with osteoarthritis. exclusion criteria: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a tumor, (hemi)paresis or amputation of the (lower) leg, and patients undergoing a hemiarthroplasty or revision THA or TKA | 67 | 34, 33 | 56 | 12 months |
Mangin [52] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients aged < 65 years at the time of surgery. primary THA performed for orthopedic reasons (excluding trauma) and being in work during 2 years prior to surgery | 72 | 1036 days | ||
Mcgonagle [25] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients aged ≤ 65 years at the time of surgery; and engaged in paid work in the 3 months prior to surgery. Exclusion criteria: revision hip/knee arthroplasty and bilateral concurrent hip/knee arthroplasty | 58 | 6–12 months | ||
Mikkelsen [26] | Prospective Non-randomized controlled trial | Inclusion criteria: patients with osteoarthritis undergoing primary THA | 365 | 191, 174 | 68.7 | 6 weeks |
Mobasheri [27] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients under the age of 60 years | 86 | 56, 30 | 51.4 | 3 years |
Nevitt [28] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: persons who were 60 years old or less who had a primary diagnosis of degenerative, congenital, or posttraumatic disease. Exclusion criteria: those who had severe, disabling articular problems other than in the hips prior to surgery and those with coexisting medical conditions prior to THA that might contribute to disability, such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and renal failure | 178 | 78, 100 | 49.7 | 8–12 months |
Oken [29] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with secondary osteoarthritis due to DDH aged < 60 years | 51 | 7, 44 | 46.2 | 1 year |
Pachore [30] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with alkaptonuric hip arthritis | 10 | 6, 4 | 62.8 | 16.7 years |
Pagnano [31] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with osteoarthritis (OA) | 26 | 10, 16 | 69 | 6 months |
Peak [32] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients without a history of surgery on the ipsilateral hip, hyper flexibility syndromes, and neuromuscular compromise | 265 | 139, 126 | 58.3 | 6 months |
Poehling- Monaghan [33] | Prospective cohort | Exclusion criteria: patients with a previous procedure on or around the operative femur or acetabulum, including prior arthroplasty, trauma, or corrective procedures | 222 | 111, 111 | 64 | 2 months |
Poehling-Monaghan [34] | Prospective cohort | Exclusion criteria: Patients if they had a prior procedure on the operative femur or acetabulum, prior trauma or infection to the area, inflammatory arthropathy, surgical intervention within the past 6 weeks | 100 | 48, 52 | 63 | 8 weeks |
Pons [35] | Retrospective cohort | Exclusion criteria: Patients with anatomic deformities in the femoral head and neck such as developmental dysplasia of the hip, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, post-septic and traumatic arthritis | 128 | 90, 38 | 57.1 | 38.3 months |
Pop [36] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients who were under 65 | 32 | 18, 14 | 58 | 10 years |
Rondon [37] | Prospective cohort | Exclusion criteria: Patients who underwent primary THA for hip fracture, revision TKA, or revision THA and those who were not employed or were retired before surgery | 243 | 57.8 | 12 weeks | |
Saad [38] | Prospective cohort | Exclusion criteria: patients with severe protrusio or acetabular dysplasia and patients weighing more than 120 kg or body mass index (BMI) > 40 | 30 | 15, 15 | 59 | 6 to 8 months |
Salar [39] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with acetabulum fracture | 17 | 14, 3 | 52 | 48.2 months |
Sankar [40] | Prospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients between 18 and 85 years of age with osteoarthritis. Exclusion criteria: revision or hemi-arthroplasty, and TJR for trauma or malignancy | 190 | 100, 90 | 56.1 | 12 months |
Stigmar [41] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with hip osteoarthritis resident in the Skåne region 1 year before surgery, and that they were 40–59 years old at the time of surgery. Exclusion criteria: Subjects who died or received disability pension/sickness compensation | 1307 | 712, 595 | 53 | 2 years |
Suarez [42] | Retrospective cohort | Exclusion criteria: patients under the age of 18 and over 64, housewives, students, and persons unemployed prior to treatment were excluded | 747 | 598, 149 | 46.8 | 8 years |
Takeuchi [43] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients younger than 60 years of age. patients with primary THA due to osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, or rheumatoid arthritis, which were treated with cementless implants. Exclusion criteria: patients with a history of postoperative complications (deep infection, fracture, dislocation, or revision for any reason), patients with extensive medical comorbidities that would limit their activity level, and patients who had had an osteotomy in the past | 204 | 36, 168 | 53.8 | 59.5 months |
Tanavalee [44] | Prospective cohort | 70 | 28, 42 | 53.95 | 20.2 months | |
Tilbury [45] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients with osteoarthritis, aged between 18 and 65 years, able to read and understand Dutch and being mentally and physically able to complete questionnaires. Exclusion criteria: patients with revision of a THA or TKA, undergoing a hemi arthroplasty and undergoing a THA or TKA because of tumor or rheumatoid arthritis | 122 | 52, 70 | 57.7 | 1 year |
Trusz czyń ska [46] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients who are younger than 65. Exclusion criteria: patient not employed before THA (retired or on disability pension), other disorders preventing return to work, history of other surgeries, serious internal diseases, oncological diseases, infectious diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 54 | 29, 25 | 55.89 | 23.52 months |
Visuri [47] | Retrospective cohort | 539 | 166, 373 | 63.87 | 4.2 years | |
White [48] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: patients under 45 years of age | 33 | 12, 21 | 38 | 7.5 years |
Zaballa [49] | Retrospective cohort | Inclusion criteria: People underwent elective unilateral THA aged between 18 and 64 years and a minimum of 5 years had elapsed since their primary THA | 411 | 206, 205 | 56 | 7.5 years |
Author | All patients | Patients not working before surgery (group 1) | Patients working before surgery (group 2) | All patient working after surgery | Patient working after surgery from group 1 | Patient working after surgery from group 2 | Median time to return to work | Other information |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al-Hourani [5] | 91 | 27 | 64 | 62 | 8 | 54 | Mean time to RTW following THA was 13.6 ± 7.5 weeks | – |
Anderson [6] | 23 | 0 | 23 | 22 | 0 | 22 | mean days out of work after THA: 6-month follow-up: 90.8 (95% CI 69.9–111.8) 1-year follow-up: 100 (95% CI 67.8–132.2) 2-year follow-up: 115.9 (95% CI 54.5–177.2) | – |
Atkinson [7] | – | – | – | – | – | – | Bilateral THA staged 1 week interval: Return to Work- Full time: 22 weeks Bilateral THA staged greater interval: Return to Work– Full time: 35.8 weeks | – |
Baldursson [8] | 10 | – | – | 6 | – | – | – | – |
Batra [9] | – | – | – | – | – | – | the average number of days taken to return to their usual work at any capacity was 24 days (range = 1–79 days) | – |
Berger [10] | 100 | 22 | 78 | – | – | 78 | For the 78 patients who worked, was 8 days (range, 1–20 days) | – |
Boersma [11] | 68 | 0 | 68 | 61 | 0 | 61 | Mean time to RTW of patients was 85 days (SD 69) following THA | Return to work (n (%)) 6 weeks full 7 (9%) 3 months full 25 (32%) 6 months full 51 (68%) 12 months full 61 (84%) |
Bohm [2] | 54 | 10 | 44 | 40 | 2 | 38 | – | – |
Clyde [12] | 43 | 0 | 43 | 32 | 0 | 32 | RTW time (wk) (95% CI) 17.3 (8.16–26.5) | – |
Danielsson [13] | 28 | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – |
Drobniewski [14] | 114 | 39 | 75 | 67 | 7 | 60 | 1.1–13.9 weeks | – |
Drobniewski [15] | 87 | 20 | 67 | 82 | 15 | 67 | The mean length of sick leave was 196.2 days, | – |
Goeb [16] | 72 | 14 | 58 | – | – | – | – | In this cohort, 10% of survey respondents had returned to work within 1 week of surgery. Twenty-four percent had returned by week 2, 40% by week 3, 74% by week 4, 75% by week 5, and 76% by 6 weeks postoperatively |
Hauer [17] | 267 | – | – | 242 | – | – | Te median delay in RTW following THA was 10 weeks [IQR 7–14 weeks] | – |
He [18] | 128 | 41 | 87 | 98 | 15 | 83 | – | By 3, 6, and 12 months after THR, 21, 46, and 31 of all the 128 patients returned to work, respectively |
Jensen [19] | 387 | 285 | 102 | 119 | 28 | 91 | – | – |
Johnsson [20] | 118 | – | – | 69 | – | – | 196.68 days | – |
Kamp [21] | – | – | – | – | – | – | days to return to work (median, IQR) 76.5 (49.0–113.5) | – |
Kleim [51] | 52 | – | – | 39 | – | – | Weeks taken to return to work mean (SD) 12 (5.0) | – |
Laasik [22] | 408 | – | 408 | 383 | – | 383 | After the surgery, 94% (n = 383) of the patients returned to work after a mean of 103 days (10–354) of sickness absence | – |
Latijnhouwers [23] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | Moreover, the proportion of PLA patients who had returned to work within 3 months after surgery was lower than in DAA patients (within 3 months: 31% vs. 44.6%, respectively). Whereas return to work 1-year after surgery was similar (86.2% and 84.9%, respectively, p¼0.815) |
Leichtenberg [24] | 67 | 0 | 67 | 53 | 0 | 53 | – | – |
Mangin [52] | 72 | – | 72 | 45 | – | 45 | mean (109 ± 91.67 days), (range, 15–515 days) | – |
Mcgonagle [25] | – | – | – | – | – | – | Te average time of RTW was 6.4 ± 3.8 weeks for THA | – |
Mikkelsen [26] | 37 | – | – | 12 | – | – | – | – |
Mobasheri [27] | 81 | 30 | 51 | 62 | 13 | 49 | Patients working preoperatively took an average of 10.5 weeks to return to work. Patients not working preoperatively took an average of 35 weeks to gain employment | – |
Nevitt [28] | 139 | 58 | 81 | 95, 4 yrs later:(87) | 20 | 75 | – | – |
Oken [29] | 51 | 30 | 21 | 39 | 19 | 20 | 13.861 weeks | – |
Pachore [30] | 10 | – | – | 9 | – | – | – | – |
Pagnano [31] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 39.85 days | – |
Peak [32] | 85 | – | – | 81 | – | – | Finally, patients in the unrestricted group returned to work at a mean of 6.5 weeks whereas those in the restricted group returned at a mean of 9.5 weeks (p < 0.001) | – |
Poehling-Monaghan [33] | 71 | 0 | 71 | 59 | 0 | 59 | – | – |
Poehling-Monaghan [34] | 100 | – | – | 57 | – | – | Mean days (SD) 33 (21.8) | – |
Pons [35] | 128 | 55 | 73 | – | – | 70 | – | – |
Pop [36] | 32 | 4 | 28 | 15, 10 years later:13 | – | – | the average time to re – turn to work was between 1.1 and 13.9 weeks | – |
Rondon [37] | 243 | 0 | 243 | 221 | 0 | 221 | 5.56 weeks | – |
Saad [38] | – | – | – | – | – | – | The mean value of time to rehab &return to work in the conventional approach group was 13.80 ± 4.50 weeks compared to 6.53 ± 0.72 weeks in the mini–invasive approach | – |
Salar [39] | 17 | 7 | 10 | – | – | 7 | 7.2 months (range: 1.5–24 months) | – |
Sankar [40] | 190 | 58 | 132 | 166 | 40 | 126 | – | number of patients returned to work after: 1 months:65 3 months:124 6 months:161 12 months:166 |
Stigmar [41] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 48 days sick leave after THR in two years follow | – |
Suarez [42] | 747 | 0 | 747 | 190 | 0 | 190 | – | – |
Takeuchi [43] | 204 | 48 | 156 | – | – | 121 | – | – |
Tanavalee [44] | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 weeks | – |
Tilbury [45] | 119 | 51 | 68 | 67 | 3 | 64 | the mean time to return to work was 12.5 weeks (SD 7.6; median 12; minimum 1; maximum 40 weeks) | – |
Trusz czyń ska [46] | 54 | 0 | 54 | 32 | 0 | 32 | – | – |
Visuri [47] | 530 | 418 | 112 | 59 | 0 | 59 | – | Return to work rate in males was 94.4%, which was significantly higher than that in females (52.3%) |
White [48] | 33 | 9 | 24 | 25 | 3 | 22 | – | – |
Zaballa [49] | 784 | 303 | 481 | 506 | 57 | 449 | – | – |