Background
Prenatal stress and distress
Prenatal exposures and complications
Socioeconomic status as potential moderator of recall
Current study
Methods
Participants
Mean(SD)
|
Min-Max
| |
---|---|---|
Household Income
| $65,000 ($48,000) | 0-$230,000 |
Age at First Visit
| 29.1 (5.1) | 19.6-39.7 |
Number of Children Residing in the Home at First Visit
| 1.1 (1.2) | 0-4 |
Race
|
N (%)
| |
White | 25 (83.3) | |
Black or African American | 3 (10.0) | |
Asian | 1 (3.3) | |
Latinx or Hispanic | 1 (3.3) | |
Education
| ||
Less than high school degree | 1 (2.9) | |
High School degree/GED | 11 (32.4) | |
2-year college degree | 3 (8.8) | |
4-year college or university degree | 11 (32.4) | |
Graduate Degree | 8 (23.5) | |
Employment Status
| ||
Unemployed/Student | 12 (35.3) | |
Part Time | 5 (14.7) | |
Full Time | 17 (50.0) | |
Marital Status
| ||
Single, never married | 6 (17.6) | |
Married/Committed Living Together | 28 (81.4) | |
Separated/Divorced | 0 (0.0) |
Measures
Perceived maternal stress
Perceived maternal distress
Perinatal risk index
During Pregnancy | Postnatal | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 weeks – T1 N = 34 | 26 weeks - T2 N = 32 | 38 weeks - T3 N = 31 | 6 months post-partum - PP N = 30 | |||||
N | Mean(SD) | N | Mean(SD) | N | Mean(SD) | N | Mean(SD) | |
Perceived Prenatal Stress | ||||||||
Perceived Stress Scale | 34 | 15.12(7.57) | 32 | 16.53(6.80) | 31 | 15.42(6.83) | 30 | 13.86(7.53) |
Perceived Prenatal Distress | ||||||||
Anxiety Symptoms | 34 | 13.53(4.98) | 32 | 12.31(4.58) | 31 | 11.97(5.01) | 30 | 12.97(5.05) |
Depression Symptoms | 34 | 19.21(5.16) | 32 | 18.28(6.04) | 31 | 17.58(5.57) | 30 | 18.55(6.86) |
Pregnancy Risk Index (count scores) | ||||||||
Pregnancy Complications | 34 | 1.69(1.02) | 32 | 1.06(0.83) | 31 | 1.59(1.07) | 30 | 1.20(1.06) |
Exposure to Toxins | 34 | 0.66(0.84) | 32 | 0.58(0.71) | 31 | 0.69(0.82) | 30 | 0.70(0.75) |