Introduction
Methods
Results
Baseline parameters
Total | Group 1 | Group 2 | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cohort (500) | 376 (75,2) | 124 (24,8) | |||
Age (year) | |||||
Mean ± SD | 66.8 | 66 + 7.3 | 69.6 + 5.7 | 0.03 | |
Median | 68 | 67 | 71 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Mean ± SD | 28.4 | 28.4 + 4.5 | 28.9 + 3,8 | 0.492 | |
Median | 28 | 28 | 28 | ||
ASA score | |||||
1 | 99 (19,8) | 89 (23,6) | 10 (8) | 0.001 | |
2 | 317 (63,4) | 249 (66,2) | 68 (54,8) | ||
3 | 84 (16,8) | 38 (10,1) | 46 (37) | ||
Preoperative Hgb (g/dl) | |||||
Mean ± SD | 14.7 | 14.8 + 1.1 | 14.1 + 1.67 | 0.001 | |
Median | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.5 | ||
IPSS | |||||
Mean ± SD | 11.4 | 11.2 + 8.1 | 12.2 + 8.9 | 0.356 | |
Median | 14.8 | 10 | 10 | ||
IIEF | |||||
Mean | 15.2 | 15.7 + 8.4 | 13.76 + 9.1 | 0.311 | |
Median | 17 | 17 | 13 | ||
Initial PSA (ng/ml) | |||||
Mean ± SD | 14.8 | 15.8 + 8 | 13.4 + 27 | 0.341 | |
Median | 8 | 8 | 7.5 | ||
Prostate-volume (ml) | |||||
Mean ± SD | 49 | 49.9 | 0.565 | ||
Median | 43 | 45 | 48.4 + 28.2 | ||
D’Amico risk classification | |||||
Low risk | 117 (23,4) | 92 (24,5) | 25 (20,2) | 0.341 | |
Intermediate risk | 229 (45,8) | 171 (45,5) | 58 (46,8) | ||
High risk | 154 (30,8) | 113 (30,1) | 41 (33,1) | ||
NHT | 55 (11) | 40 (10,6) | 15 (12,1) | 0.653 | |
Previous TUR-P | 34 (6,8) | 22 (5,9) | 12 (9,7) | 0.143 | |
Nerve sparing | |||||
Bilateral | 374 (69,4) | 267 (71) | 80 (64,5) | 0.117 | |
Unilateral | 134 (26,8) | 94 (25) | 4 (3,2) | ||
No | 19 (3,8) | 15 (4) | 40 (32,3) |
Total (500) | Group 1 | Group 2A | Group 2B | Group 2C | Group 2D | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
376 (75.2) | Aspirin | NOACs | Vitamin K antagonist | DAPT | |||
78 (15,6) | 27 (5,4) | 10 (2) | 9 (1,8) | ||||
Age (year) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 66.8 | 66 | 68.7 | 69.4 | 71.3 | 69.2 | 0.001 |
Median | 68 | 67 | 71 | 71 | 71.5 | 70 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 28.4 | 28.4 | 28.39 | 28.33 | 27.57 | 27.4 | 0.640 |
Median | 28 | 28 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 28 | |
ASA score | |||||||
1 | 99 (19,8) | 89 (23,6) | 7 (9) | 3 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | 0.001 |
2 | 317 (63,4) | 249 (66,2) | 46 (59) | 15 (55.6) | 5 (50) | 2 (22.2) | |
3 | 84 (16,8) | 38 (10,1) | 25 (32.1) | 9 (33.3) | 5 (50) | 7 (77.8) | |
Preoperative Hgb (g/dl) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.1 | 14.8 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 0.001 |
Median | 14.8 | 14.9 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 13.3 | 14 | |
IPSS | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 11.4 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 12.5 | 0.828 |
Median | 14.8 | 10 | 10 | 10.5 | 12 | 13 | |
IIEF | |||||||
Mean | 15.2 | 15.7 | 14.3 | 12 | 13.29 | 13.6 | 0.309 |
Median | 17 | 17 | 13 | 9 | 14 | 16 | |
Initial PSA (ng/ml) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 14.8 | 15.8 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 9.4 | 6.2 | 0.264 |
Median | 8 | 8 | 7.6 | 9 | 6.1 | 5.7 | |
Prostate-volume (ml) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 49 | 49.9 | 47.8 | 57.8 | 43.8 | 40 | 0 |
Median | 43 | 45 | 42 | 46 | 39 | 43 | |
D’amico risk classification | |||||||
Low risk | 117 (23,4) | 92 (24,5) | 16 (20,5) | 6 (22,2) | 1 (10) | 2 (22,2) | 0.944 |
Intermediate risk | 229 (45,8) | 171 (45,5) | 38 (48,7) | 12 (44,4) | 4 (40) | 4 (44,4) | |
High risk | 154 (30,8) | 113 (30,1) | 24 (30,8) | 9 (33,3) | 5 (50) | 3 (33,3) | |
Nerve sparing | |||||||
Bilateral | 374 (69,4) | 267 (71) | 26 (33.3) | 10 (37) | 3 (30) | 1 (11.1) | 0.51 |
Unilateral | 134 (26,8) | 94 (25) | 48 (61.5) | 17 (63) | 7 (70) | 8 (88.9) | |
No | 19 (3,8) | 15 (4) | 4 (5.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Intraoperative data
Total (500) | Group 1 | Group 2 | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
376 (75.2) | 124 (24,8) | |||
Console time (minute) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 151 + 45 | 152 + 40 | 148 + 44 | 0.971 |
Median | 140 | 140 | 137 | |
Prostate weight (g) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 61 + 25.6 | 62 + 25 | 60.7 + 24.8 | 0.156 |
Median | 55 | 56.5 | 54 | |
Pathological stage | ||||
pT0 | 1 (0,2) | 1 (0,3) | 0 | 0.095 |
pT1 | 1 (0,2) | 1 (0,3) | 0 | |
pT2 | 295 (59) | 226 (60,1) | 69 (55,6) | |
pT3 | 183 (36,6) | 131 (34,8) | 52 (41,9) | |
pT4 | 20 (4,0) | 17 (4,5) | 3 (2,4) | |
Positive surgical margins (total) | ||||
< 3 mm | 18 (3,6) | 10 (2,7) | 8 (6,5) | 0.219 |
> 3 mm | 18 (3,6) | 14 (3,7) | 4 (3,2) | |
Number of lymph nodes | ||||
Mean ± SD | 19.6 ± 7.4 | 19.64 + 6.9 | 19.8 + 8.7 | 0.906 |
Median | 18 | 18 | 18 | |
Lymph nodes metastasis | 89 (17,8) | 60 (16) | 27 (21,8) | 0.139 |
Difference in pre- and postoperative HGB (g/dl) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 2.5 ± 4.8 | 2.72 + 1.29 | 2.66 + 1.5 | 0.152 |
Median | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.4 | |
Length of hospitalization (days) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 5.52 + 1.7 | 5.7 + 1.4 | 0.292 |
Median | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Catheter days | ||||
Mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 4.7 | 6.6 + 4.5 | 7.48 + 5.6 | 0.001 |
Median | 5 | 4 | 4.5 | |
Catheter removed before discharge | 368 (73.6) | 281 (74,7) | 87 870,2) | 0.317 |
Transfusion | 7 (1,2) | 4 (1.2) | 3 (2,4) | 0.273 |
Total (500) | Group 1 | Group 2A | Group 2B | Group 2C | Group 2D | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
376 (75.2) | Aspirin | NOACs | Vitamin K antagonist | DAPT | |||
78 (15,6) | 27 (5,4) | 10 (2) | 9 (1,8) | ||||
Console time (minute) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 151 + 45 | 152 | 150 | 150 | 137 | 132 | 0.633 |
Median | 140 | 140 | 140 | 135 | 130 | 120 | |
Prostate weight (g) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 61 + 25.6 | 62 + 25 | 60.8 + 22 | 65 + 33.5 | 58.6+ 19.7 | 49.6 + 14.7 | 0.597 |
Median | 55 | 65.5 | 54 | 56 | 58 | 51 | |
Pathological stage | |||||||
pT0 | 1 (0,2) | 1 (0,3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.767 |
pT1 | 1 (0,2) | 1 (0,3) | 40 (51,2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
pT2 | 295 (59) | 226 (60,1) | 35 (44,8) | 15 (55,5) | 7 (70) | 7 (77,8) | |
pT3 | 183 (36,6) | 131 (34,8) | 3 (3,8) | 12 (44,5) | 3 (30) | 2 (22,2) | |
pT4 | 20 (4,0) | 17 (4,5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Positive surgical margins (total) | |||||||
< 3 mm | 18 (3,6) | 10 (2,7) | 6 (7,7) | 2 (7,4) | 0 | 0 | 0.218 |
> 3 mm | 18 (3,6) | 14 (3,7) | 3 (3,8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (11,1) | |
Number of lymph nodes | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 19.6 ± 7.4 | 19.74 + 6.9 | 18.5 + 7.9 | 17.67 + 9.8 | 20.9 + 8.3 | 20 + 8.3 | 0.891 |
Median | 18 | 18 | 17 | 12 | 20.5 | 20 | |
Lymph nodes metastasis | 89 (17,8) | 60 (16) | 18 (23,1) | 7 (25,9) | 1 (10) | 1 (11,1) | 0.138 |
Difference in pre- and postoperative Hgh (g/dl) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 2.5 ± 4.8 | 2.56 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 2.55 | 1.65 | 0.592 |
Median | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3 | 2.55 | 1.65 | |
Length of hospitalization (days) | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 4.9 | 5.64 | 5.33 | 5 | 5 | 0.228 |
Median | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
Catheter days | |||||||
Mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 4.7 | 7.2 | 4.7 | 10.7 | 9 | 12 | 0.007 |
Median | 5 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 9 | 12 | |
Catheter removed before discharge | 368 (73.6) | 281 (74,7) | 57 (73,1) | 18 (66,7) | 4 (40) | 8 (88,9) | 0.316 |
Transfusion | 7 (1,2) | 4 (1.2) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (10) | 0 | 0.944 |
Complications
Complications in detail | Total (n = 500) | Group 1 376 (75.2) | Group 2 124 (24,8) | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall complications | 95 | 66 | 29 | 0.160 | ||
Minor | 74 (14,8) | 50 (13,3) | 24 (19,4) | 0.100 | ||
Minor | CDI 51 (10,2) | VTE | 4 (0,8) | 2 | 2 | |
Elevated labor parameter | 6 (1,2) | 4 | 2 | |||
AUR | 28 (5,6) | 20 | 8 | |||
Diverse | 13 (2,6) | 9 | 4 | |||
CD II 23 (4,6) | Secondary VUAL* | 11 (2,2) | 7 (1,5) | 4 | ||
UTI | 11 (2,2) | 7 | 4 | |||
Hematoma requiring transfusion | 1 (0,2) | 1 (0,2) | 0 | |||
Major | 21 (4,2) | 16 (4,3) | 5 (4) | 0.915 | ||
Major | CD IIIa 12 (2,4) | NSTEMI | 1 (0,2) | 0 | 1 | |
Hiatus hernia symptomatic | 1 (0,2) | 1 | 0 | |||
Lymphocele | 10 (2.0) | 9 | 1 | |||
CD III b 8 (1,6) | UUTO | 5 (1.0) | 5 | 0 | ||
Revision | 3 (0,6) | 0 | 3 | |||
CD VI 1 (0,2) | Rhabdomyolysis | 1 (0,2) | 1 | 0 | ||
Readmissions* | 28 (5,6) | 20 (5,3) | 8 (6,5) | 0.635 |
Complications | Total (n = 500) | Group 1 376 (75.2) | Group 2A Aspirin 78 (15,6) | Group 2B NOACs 27 (5,4) | Group 2C Vitamin K antagonist 10 (2) | Group 2D DAPT 9 (1,8) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Complications | 95 | 66 | 18 | 7 (25,9) | 2 (20) | 2 (22,2) | 0.785 |
Minor | |||||||
Minor | 74 (14,8) | 50 (13,3) | 15 (19,3) | 6 (22,2) | 1 (10) | 2 (22,2) | 0.457 |
Grad I | 51 (10,2) | 36 (9,6) | 7 | 5 (18,5) | 1 (10) | 2 (22,2) | |
Grad II | 23 (4,6) | 14 (3,7) | 8 | 1 (3,7) | 0 | 0 | |
Major | |||||||
Major | 21 (4,2) | 16 (4,3) | 3 (3,9) | 1 (3,7) | 1 (10) | 0 | 0.866 |
Grad IIIa | 12 (2,4) | 10 (2,7) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grad IIIb | 8 (1,6) | 5 (1,3) | 1 | 1 (3,7) | 1 (10) | 0 | |
Grad IV | 1 (0,2) | 1 (0,3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Readmissions | 28 (5,6) | 20 (5,3) | 7 (9) | 1 (3,7) | 0 | 0 | 0.550 |