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Erschienen in: Der Urologe 3/2018

02.02.2018 | Nierentumoren | Leitthema

Ablative Therapien kleiner Nierentumoren

verfasst von: M. C. Kriegmair, N. Wagener, S. J. Diehl, N. Rathmann

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 3/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Die überwiegende Anzahl von Nierenzellkarzinomen (NCC) wird heutzutage in frühen Stadien diagnostiziert. Die sog. kleinen Nierentumoren (<4 cm) zeichnen sich durch ein überwiegend langsames Wachstum mit sehr niedriger Metastasierungstendenz aus und sind in knapp 30 % benigner Pathologie. Entsprechend steigt der Bedarf nach weniger invasiven Therapiealternativen zur Nierentumorexzision. Mittlerweile steht ein breites Portfolio an lokal ablativen Techniken zur Behandlung kleiner Nierentumoren zur Verfügung. Dazu gehören die relativ gut untersuchte Radiofrequenzablation und Kryoablation über die neuere Mikrowellenablation bis hin zur irreversiblen Elektroporation mit experimentellem Charakter. Ablative Techniken können perkutan und bildgesteuert oder laparoskopisch eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere der perkutane Zugang ermöglicht im Vergleich zur Nierentumorexzision eine weniger invasive Therapie mit niedrigerem Komplikationsrisiko. Zwar ist das Risiko für ein Lokalrezidiv nach Tumorablation höher als nach chirurgischer Resektion, jedoch werden gute onkologische Langzeitergebnisse beobachtet, die sich bei kleinen Nierentumoren nicht von der Nierentumorexzision unterscheiden. Dies wird auch durch die Möglichkeit der Salvage-Therapie im Falle eines Rezidivs bedingt. Insbesondere ältere Patienten mit hohem operativen Risiko, sowie Patienten mit hereditären und multipel rezidivierenden Nierentumoren können vom Einsatz ablativer Techniken profitieren. Die in der S3-Leitlinie empfohlene Biopsie vor Ablation ist wichtig, um die Biologie der zu behandelnden Raumforderung zu kennen und eine Übertherapie benigner Raumforderungen zu verhindern.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ablative Therapien kleiner Nierentumoren
verfasst von
M. C. Kriegmair
N. Wagener
S. J. Diehl
N. Rathmann
Publikationsdatum
02.02.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 3/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-018-0575-9

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