Introduction
Methods
Study procedures and participant recruitment
Online survey
Data analysis
Results
Participant demographics
Variable | M | SD | Variable | N | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 34.4 | 3.8 | |||
N | % | Number of Children Caring for | |||
Gender | 1 | 270 | 53.6 | ||
Female | 489 | 94.2 | 2 | 172 | 34.1 |
Male | 27 | 5.2 | 3 | 50 | 9.9 |
Non-Binary | 3 | 0.6 | 4 or more | 12 | 2.4 |
Ethnicity | Age Category of Child(ren) Under 5 Years | ||||
Arab | 1 | 0.2 | Infant (< 1 year) | 187 | 39.0 |
Black | 10 | 1.9 | Toddler (1 to 2 years) | 251 | 52.4 |
White | 399 | 76.7 | Preschooler (3 to 4 years) | 222 | 47.0 |
Indigenous Peoples of Canada | 17 | 3.3 | Childcare Arrangement | ||
First Nations | 10 | 58.8 | Parental Care | 167 | 32.5 |
Métis | 7 | 41.2 | Centre-Based Childcare or Preschool | 165 | 32.1 |
Inuit | 0 | 0.0 | Home-Based Childcare | 67 | 13.0 |
Latin, Central, or South American | 17 | 3.3 | Full-Day Kindergarten | 14 | 2.7 |
East Asian | 34 | 6.5 | Mixed Care Arrangement | 101 | 19.6 |
South Asian | 17 | 3.3 | Highest Level of Education | ||
Southeast Asian | 7 | 1.3 | High School | 14 | 2.7 |
West Asian | 2 | 0.4 | College | 60 | 11.7 |
Mixed Racial Background | 12 | 2.1 | University | 237 | 46.2 |
Prefer not to answer | 4 | 0.8 | Graduate School | 202 | 39.4 |
Province/Territory | Employment Status | ||||
British Columbia | 73 | 16.1 | Full-Time | 210 | 41.0 |
Alberta | 51 | 11.3 | Part-Time | 53 | 10.4 |
Saskatchewan | 35 | 7.7 | Occasional/Support | 13 | 2.5 |
Manitoba | 35 | 7.7 | On Parental Leave from Full-Time Employment | 173 | 33.8 |
Ontario | 153 | 33.8 | Unemployed | 29 | 5.7 |
Québec | 55 | 12.1 | Other | 30 | 5.9 |
New Brunswick | 10 | 2.2 | Prefer not to answer | 3 | 0.6 |
Nova Scotia | 24 | 5.3 | Annual Household Income | ||
Prince Edward Island | 7 | 1.5 | Less than $60,000 | 46 | 9.0 |
Newfoundland and Labrador | 5 | 1.1 | $60,000 to $120,000 | 159 | 31.0 |
Nunavut | 0 | 0.0 | More than $120,000 | 270 | 52.7 |
Northwest Territories | 3 | 0.7 | Housing Type | ||
Yukon | 2 | 0.4 | Apartment | 47 | 9.2 |
Family Situation | Condominium | 36 | 7.1 | ||
Single Parent | 23 | 4.4 | Townhouse | 68 | 13.3 |
Double Parent | 495 | 95.4 | Semi-Detached House | 44 | 8.6 |
Other | 1 | 0.2 | Detached House | 315 | 61.8 |
Meeting the Adult Physical Activity Guidelinea | Meeting the Adult Screen Time Guidelinea | ||||
Yes | 116 | 22.7 | Yes | 344 | 67.2 |
No | 396 | 77.3 | No | 168 | 32.8 |
Educational background
Prenatal care
Prenatal Care (N = 540) | N | % |
Only PA | 47 | 8.7 |
Only SB | 3 | 9.3 |
Only Sleep | 18 | 12.6 |
PA and SB Only | 25 | 17.2 |
PA and Sleep Only | 35 | 23.7 |
SB and Sleep Only | 5 | 24.6 |
PA, SB, and Sleep | 122 | 22.6 |
Any PA | 229 | 42.4 |
Any SB | 153 | 28.3 |
Any Sleep | 178 | 33.0 |
No mention of any behaviour in care | 267 | 49.4 |
Did not receive prenatal care | 18 | 3.3 |
Postnatal Care (N = 537) | N | % |
Only PA | 76 | 14.2 |
Only SB | 9 | 1.7 |
Only Sleep | 27 | 5.0 |
PA and SB Only | 26 | 4.8 |
PA and Sleep Only | 68 | 12.7 |
SB and Sleep Only | 1 | 0.2 |
PA, SB, and Sleep | 142 | 26.4 |
Any PA | 311 | 57.9 |
Any SB | 177 | 33.0 |
Any Sleep | 234 | 43.6 |
No mention of any behaviour in care | 159 | 29.6 |
Did not receive postnatal care | 29 | 5.4 |
Pediatric Care (N = 545) | N | % |
Only PA | 107 | 19.6 |
Only SB | 9 | 1.7 |
Only Sleep | 23 | 4.2 |
PA and SB Only | 28 | 5.1 |
PA and Sleep Only | 63 | 11.6 |
SB and Sleep Only | 3 | 0.6 |
PA, SB, and Sleep | 103 | 18.9 |
Any PA | 299 | 54.8 |
Any SB | 141 | 25.9 |
Any Sleep | 190 | 34.9 |
No mention of any behaviour in care | 203 | 37.2 |
Did not receive pediatric care | 6 | 1.1 |
Prenatal Care | ||||
Physical Activity | Sedentary Behaviour | Sleep | None | |
Ethnicity | χ2(1) = 1.265, p = .264 | χ2(1) = 0.915, p = .339 | χ2(1) = 1.607, p = .205 | χ2(1) = 2.214, p = .137 |
Income | χ2(3) = 3.584, p = .310 | χ2(3) = 3.533, p = .316 | χ2(3) = 0.716, p = .869 | χ2(3) = 3.428, p = .330 |
Education | χ2(3) = 11.738, p= .008 | χ2(3) = 5.338, p = .149 | χ2(3) = 4.290, p = .232 | χ2(3) = 9.249, p = .026 |
Province | χ2(7) = 7.584, p = .371 | χ2(7) = 9.093, p = .246 | χ2(7) = 6.000, p = .540 | χ2(7) = 6.274, p = .508 |
Postnatal Care | ||||
Physical Activity | Sedentary Behaviour | Sleep | None | |
Ethnicity | χ2(1) = 0.057, p = .811 | χ2(1) = 0.705, p = .401 | χ2(1) = 0.123, p = .726 | χ2(1) = 0.005, p = .943 |
Income | χ2(3) = 2.389, p = .496 | χ2(3) = 1.047, p = .790 | χ2(3) = 0.492, p = .921 | χ2(3) = 2.343, p = .504 |
Education | χ2(3) = 3.908, p = .272 | χ2(3) = 3.011, p = .390 | χ2(3) = 7.417, p = .060 | χ2(3) = 6.293, p = .098 |
Province | χ2(7) = 7.618, p = .367 | χ2(7) = 5.890, p = .553 | χ2(7) = 10.063, p = .185 | χ2(7) = 6.521, p = .480 |
Pediatric Care | ||||
Physical Activity | Sedentary Behaviour | Sleep | None | |
Ethnicity | χ2(1) = 0.054, p = .816 | χ2(1) = 0.404, p = .525 | χ2(1) = 5.527, p = .019 | χ2(1) = 1.332, p = .194 |
Income | χ2(3) = 2.422, p = .490 | χ2(3) = 3.757, p = .289 | χ2(3) = 6.458, p = .091 | χ2(3) = 3.739, p = .291 |
Education | χ2(3) = 1.221, p = .748 | χ2(3) = 4.482, p = .214 | χ2(3) = 3.397, p = .334 | χ2(3) = 3.138, p = .371 |
Province | χ2(7) = 12.664, p = .073 | χ2(7) = 17.707, p = .013 | χ2(7) = 10.326, p = .171 | χ2(7) = 19.788, p = .006 |
Postnatal care
Pediatric care
Sources of information about movement behaviours
Educational needs
Topic | N | % |
---|---|---|
Gross motor development | 178 | 33.3 |
Fine motor development | 229 | 42.8 |
Fundamental movement skills | 257 | 48.0 |
Tummy time | 88 | 16.4 |
Energetic play | 317 | 59.3 |
Muscle- and bone-strengthening activities | 342 | 63.9 |
Structured physical activity ideas | 293 | 54.8 |
Unstructured active play | 284 | 53.1 |
Facilitating indoor active play | 330 | 61.7 |
Prolonged sitting time | 151 | 28.2 |
Prolonged time spent restrained in a highchair/car seat/stroller | 157 | 29.3 |
Age-appropriate screen time recommendations | 185 | 34.6 |
Activity ideas to break up sitting time | 348 | 65.0 |
Incorporating movement into traditionally sedentary activities | 368 | 68.8 |
Age-appropriate sleep recommendations | 169 | 31.6 |
Wake windows | 173 | 32.3 |
Safe sleep recommendations | 77 | 14.4 |
Co-sleeping | 157 | 29.3 |
Independent sleep | 222 | 41.5 |
Sleepy cues | 152 | 28.4 |
Health benefits of outdoor play | 73 | 13.6 |
How to promote outdoor free play at home | 234 | 43.7 |
How to dress my child(ren) for outdoor play in all weather | 156 | 29.1 |
Outdoor activity examples in all types of weather | 295 | 55.1 |
How to support my child(ren)’s outdoor risky play | 308 | 57.6 |
How to design an outdoor play area to support my child(ren)’s physical activity | 279 | 52.1 |