Introduction
Discovery of iTr35 cells
Biological functions of iTr35 cells
Immunomodulatory effects of iTr35 cells (Table 1)
Diseases | Mechanisms |
---|---|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection | Increased bacterial load and lung injury |
Allergic rhinitis | Inhibited the proallergic type 2 immune responses by reducing ILC2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 and Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13; inhibited CD40L, IL-4, and IL-21 stimulated B-cell IgE production |
Allergic asthma | Suppress the proliferation and IL-4 production by activated CD4 + CD25- T cells |
Oral lichen planus | Increased percentage of iTr35 subpopulation |
Acute phase Kawasaki disease | iTr35 significantly reduced |
Systemic sclerosis | Inhibited T cell proliferation and differentiation and fibroblast-induced α-SMA expression through the STAT3/6 signaling pathway |
Maternal–fetal tolerance | Reduction in the number of metaphase iTr35 is also important cause of spontaneous abortion |
Myelodysplastic syndromes | iTr35 cells increased significantly with the increase of disease risk classification |
Acute B-precursor lymphocytic leukemia | Immune escape process of tumor cells |
Acute myeloid leukemia | Highly expressed, significantly correlated with the clinical stage of malignancy |
Colorectal cancer | Inhibited the proliferation of effector T cells, activated STAT1 and STAT3 CD4 + T cells |
Breast cancer | Induced iTr35 by activating the transcription factors STAT1/STAT3 |
Atherosclerosis | Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity |
Fibrotic diseases | Inhibit fibrosis |