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Immunologic Research

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29.08.2023 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

How the immune response to the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 affects the retinal vascular endothelial cells: an immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process with in silico modeling

verfasst von: Işıl Kutlutürk, Ecem Önder Tokuç, Levent Karabaş, René Rückert, Mücahit Kaya, Ali Karagöz, Marion R Munk

Erschienen in: Immunologic Research | Ausgabe 1/2024

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Abstract

Thrombotic events associated with SARS-CoV-2 at the vascular endothelium still remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between cellular proteins on the (ocular) vascular endothelial surface and the immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process elicited by SARS-CoV-2 using an in-silico modeling. The structural S (spike glycoprotein), N (nucleocapsid protein), M (membrane protein), and E (envelope protein) proteins, an accessory protein (ORF1ab) of SARS-CoV-2 and 158 cellular proteins associated with retinal vascular endothelial cell surface or structure were included in this study for comparison of three-dimensional (3D) structure and sequence. Sixty-nine of the retinal proteins were obtained from the Uniprot database. Remaining proteins not included in the database were included in the study after they were converted into 3D structures using the RaptorX web tool. Sequence and three-dimensional structure of SARS-COV-2 S, N, M, E, ORF1ab proteins and retinal vascular endothelial proteins were compared with mTM-align server. Proteins with significant similarity (score above 0.5) were validated with the TM-align web server. Immune and thrombosis-related protein-receptor interactions of similar proteins was checked with CABS-dock. We detected a high level of structural similarity between E protein and ACE, ACE2, LAT1, and TM9SF4 endothelial proteins. In addition, PECAM-1 was found to be structurally similar to ORF1ab and S protein. When we evaluated the likelihood/potential to stimulate an immune responses/a cytokine release, TLR-2 and TLR-3, which are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV2, showed a potential receptor-protein interaction with retinal vascular endothelial proteins. Our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 proteins may have structural similarities with vascular endothelial proteins, and therefore, as immunological target sites, the counterpart proteins on the endothelial surface of many organs may also be secondarily affected by any immune response against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins.

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Titel: How the immune response to the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 affects the retinal vascular endothelial cells: an immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process with in silico modeling
verfasst von: Işıl Kutlutürk
Ecem Önder Tokuç
Levent Karabaş
René Rückert
Mücahit Kaya
Ali Karagöz
Marion R Munk
Publikationsdatum: 29.08.2023
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Immunologic Research / Ausgabe 1/2024
Print ISSN: 0257-277X
Elektronische ISSN: 1559-0755
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-023-09412-1

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How the immune response to the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 affects the retinal vascular endothelial cells: an immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process with in silico modeling

Abstract

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