Introduction
Methods
Results and discussion
Case | Vaccine | Symptom onset after vaccination | Medical history | HLH-2004 diagnostic criteriaa | HScore | Treatment | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Our case | 24 years, F | Comirnatry (BNT162b2 mRNA), Pfizer-BioNTech | 10 days after 1st vaccination | No past medical history | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 259 | IVIG, dexamethasone, Anakinra | Discharged 14 days after treatment initiation in good condition |
Caocci et al. [14] | 38 years, F | Comirnatry (BNT162b2 mRNA), Pfizer-BioNTech | 21 days after 2nd vaccination | No past medical history | 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 | 147 | Methylprednisolone | Discharged after 1 week, fully recovered within weeks |
Rocco et al. [13] | 52 years, M | Comirnatry (BNT162b2 mRNA), Pfizer-BioNTech | 1 day after 1st vaccination | Viral syndrome for 4 months, malaise | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 | 239 | Dexamethasone, etoposide | Death (neutropenic fever and Bacteroides bacteremia) |
53 years, M | Comirnatry (BNT162b2 mRNA), Pfizer-BioNTech | 4 days after 1st vaccination | Interstitial lung disease | 1, 4, 6 | 213 | Dexamethasone, Anakinra, IVIG, rituximab | Ventilatory support for 3 months; discharged to rehab facility | |
75 years, M | Spikevax (mRNA-1273), Moderna | 12 days after 1st vaccination | Heart failure, HIV, Mycobacterium avium, KSHV viremia | 3, 4, 5 | 185 | Methylprednisolone | Death (encephalopathy and shock) | |
55 years, F | Comirnatry (BNT162b2 mRNA), Pfizer-BioNTech | 3 days after 1st vaccination | MAC, pulmonary aspergillosis, MDS | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 208 | Anakinra | Slowly recovered | |
48 years, F | Spikevax (mRNA-1273), Moderna | 4 days after 1st vaccination | HIV disseminated MAC and IRIS | 1 | 130 | Prednisone, infliximab | Improvement within 72 h | |
Cory et al. [15] | 36 years, F | Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1), AstraZeneca | 9 days after 1st vaccination | No past medical history | 1, 2, 4 | 200 | Methylprednisolone, IVIG | Improvement within 72 h, 2nd episode after 6 days, improved after IVIG |
Baek et al. [16] | 20 years, M | Comirnatry (BNT162b2 mRNA), Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 days after 1st vaccination | No past medical history | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 | 229 | Dexamethasone | Immediate improvement |
71 years, F | Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1), AstraZeneca | 7 days after 1st vaccination | Hypertension | 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 | 293 | Dexamethasone, etoposide | Discharged after 8 weeks in good condition | |
Tang et al. [11] | 43 years, F | Chinese inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine | Shortly after 1st vaccination | No past medical history | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | 261 | Dexamethasone | Discharged 17 days after start of dexamethasone |
Ai et al. [12] | 68 years, M | Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1), AstraZeneca | 10 days after 1st vaccination | Hypertension, gout, Bowen’s disease | 1, 2, 4, 6 | 250 | No therapy | Spontaneous improvement |
Sassi et al. [10] | 85 years, M | Comirnatry (BNT162b2 mRNA), Pfizer-BioNTech | Shortly after 1st vaccination | No past medical history | 6 | Not calculated | No information | No information |
Attwell et al. [9] | ~ 65 years, M | Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1), AstraZeneca | 5 days after 1st vaccination | Diabetes mellitus type II | 1, 4, 5, 6, 8 | 259 | Methylprednisolone, IVIG, Anakinra | ICU care, CVVH, vasopressor treatment, rapid biochemical improvement |
~ 75 years, F | Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1), AstraZeneca | 7 days after 1st vaccination | Essential thrombocythemia, breast cancer in remission, bee sting anaphylaxis | 1, 4, 5, 6, 8 | 220 | Methylprednisolone, IVIG, Anakinra | ICU care, vasopressor treatment, rupture of the esophagus, died | |
~ 35 years, M | Vaxzevria (ChAdOx1), AstraZeneca | 8 days after 1st vaccination | Ankylosing spondylitis | 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 | 219 | Methylprednisolone | Good response |