Fig. 7
Overview novel and investigational RF delivery tools and catheters. (1) Partially insulated RF ablation catheter tip.
(Adapted from Nguyen et al. Heart Rhythm Mar 2015;12(3): 623–630, with permission from Elsevier) [
67]. (2) Intentional wire perforation for intramyocardial RF delivery. (Modified and adapted from Romero J et al. Heart Rhythm Case Reports 2018; 4(7): 285–292 with permission from Elsevier)68. (3) Irrigated RF needle catheter. (Adapted from Stevenson W et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73(12):1413–1425, with permission from Elsevier) [
25]. (4) Schematic illustration of a linear multielectrode ablation catheter (as originally proposed by Nazer B et al.) [
69]. (5) Percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation (PIMSRA)—proposed for RF ablation of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. (Adapted from Liu L et al. JACC 2018; 72 (16): 1898–1909, with permission from Elsevier) [
70]. (6) Spherical RF catheter (Sphere-9TM Affera Inc., reprinted with permission of Medtronic—currently approved for atrial ablation only). For details, see text