Introduction
Methods
Search strategy and study selection
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Data extractiong
Assessment of quality
Statistical analysis
Results
Literature search and screening
Assessment of quality
Characteristics of the eligible studies
Study | Location | Study design (period) | Sample size (cases) | Female /male | Diagnostic guideline in KOA | Definition of OA | Risk factors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C Zhao [15] | China | Case–control | 315 | 186/129 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | Gender, Age, BMI, Family history, Smoking, Drinking |
YS Lin [28] | China | Case–control | 200 | / | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | BMI |
HY Xu [32] | China | Case–control | 578 | 352/221 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic knee OA | Family history, BMI |
CH He [35] | China | Case–control | 247 | 168/79 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | Gender, Living environment |
XS X [31] | China | Case–control | 2880 | 1830/1050 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | Gender, Age, BMI, Education background, Living environment, Family history, Trauma history, Exercise |
JZ Zhao [24] | China | Case–control | 250 | / | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | / | Age, BMI, Living environment, Exercise, Working, Family history |
YC Yang [22] | China | Case–control | 285 | 240/45 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | BMI, Smoking, Drinking, Trauma history, Exercise |
GL Sun [16] | China | Case–control | 263 | 149/114 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | Age, Gender, Education background, Living environment, Exercise |
SY Wang [18] | China | Case–control | 147 | 72/75 | Chinese guideline for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis | Symptomatic knee OA | Gender, Age |
FS Zhang [23] | China | Case–control | 876 | 504/372 | Chinese guideline for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | Age, BMI, Gender, Working |
Y Liu [17] | China | Case–control | 415 | 287/128 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | Age, Gender, Working, BMI |
Moghimi [19] | Iran | Case–control | 1400 | / | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic knee OA | Age, Smoking, BMI, Comorbidity |
Mounach [37] | Morocco | Case–control | 190 | 52/138 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | BMI |
El Ayoubi [27] | Lebanon | Case–control | 177 | 99/78 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic knee OA | Working, Family history |
Jinks [38] | UK | Cohort | 2059 | 1558/501 | K–L | Symptomatic knee OA | BMI, Trauma history, Gender, Comorbidity |
Takiguchi [20] | Japan | Cohort | 11,058 | 5457/5601 | K–L | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | Age, Education background, Smoking, Working |
Holmberg [39] | Sweden | Case–control | 1473 | / | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic radiographic knee OA | BMI |
Klussmann [34] | Germany | Case–control | 1310 | 569/741 | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Symptomatic knee OA | Smoking |
Ingham [33] | UK | Cohort | 2156 | 1181/975 | K–L | Radiographic knee OA | Age, Gender, BMI, Trauma history |
Muraki [29] | Japan | Cohort | 2262 | 1499/763 | K–L | Radiographic knee OA | Age, BMI, Gender, Smoking, Drinking |
Huétink [25] | Netherlands | Cohort | 319 | 106/213 | K–L | Radiographic knee OA | Age, Gender, BMI, Family history, |
Sanghi [26] | India | Case–control | 360 | / | Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis (ACR) | Radiographic knee OA | Age, BMI, Gender |
Sasaki [13] | Japan | Cohort | 1014 | / | K–L | Radiographic knee OA | Gender, Working, Exercise, Smoking, Drinking, age, BMI |
Ito [14] | Japan | Cohort | 7434 | / | K–L | Symptomatic knee OA | Age, BMI, Somking, Drinking |
Yoshimura [30] | Japan | Cohort | 1384 | 918/466 | K–L | Radiographic knee OA | BMI, Comorbidity |
Konstari [12] | Finland | Cohort | 6274 | / | K–L | Symptomatic knee OA | Gender, BMI, Smoking, Working, Trauma history, Comorbidity, |
Wang [40] | China | Cohort | 8193 | 4251/3942 | K–L | Symptomatic knee OA | Gender, Living environment, Smoking, Comorbidity |
Konstari [21] | Finland | Cohort | 4553 | 2290/2263 | K–L | Symptomatic knee OA | Gender, Age, Exercise, Trauma history, |
Muraki [36] | Japan | Cohort | 2282 | 1465/817 | K–L | Radiographic knee OA | Age, Gender, BMI, Living environment, |
Meta-analysis of risk factors
Risk factors | NO of studies | Pooled OR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P value | I squared (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trauma history | 6 | 1.37 | 1.03 | 1.82 | 0.030 | 0.0 |
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 | 11 | 1.30 | 1.09 | 1.56 | 0.004 | 0.0 |
Gender | 17 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 0.030 | 20.0 |
Age | 11 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.007 | 37.0 |
Exercise | 5 | 0.75 | 0.62 | 0.91 | 0.003 | 25.0 |
High school | 2 | 0.49 | 0.30 | 0.79 | 0.003 | 0.0 |
University | 2 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.86 | 0.030 | 65.0 |
Living environment | 3 | 2.05 | 0.66 | 6.34 | 0.210 | 0.0 |
Junior high school | 2 | 1.21 | 0.62 | 2.36 | 0.570 | 0.0 |
Agricultural labour | 2 | 1.17 | 0.54 | 2.56 | 0.690 | 0.0 |
Manual labour | 7 | 1.10 | 0.96 | 1.26 | 0.160 | 0.0 |
Family history | 4 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.10 | 0.220 | 0.0 |
Drinking | 5 | 0.99 | 0.80 | 1.23 | 0.940 | 0.0 |
Smoking | 7 | 0.93 | 0.81 | 1.07 | 0.330 | 0.0 |
Risk factors | NO of studies | Pooled OR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P value | I squared (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 | 5 | 1.29 | 1.02 | 1.63 | 0.030 | 0.0 |
Age | 4 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.06 | < 0.001 | 0.0 |
Trauma history | 4 | 1.34 | 0.99 | 1.82 | 0.060 | 0.0 |
Gender (female) | 9 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 1.24 | 0.090 | 0.0 |
Manual labour | 3 | 1.09 | 0.88 | 1.35 | 0.410 | 0.0 |
Drinking | 3 | 0.98 | 0.79 | 1.21 | 0.860 | 0.0 |
Smoking | 4 | 0.88 | 0.74 | 1.04 | 0.120 | 0.0 |
Risk factors | NO of studies | Pooled OR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P value | I squared (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exercise | 5 | 0.75 | 0.62 | 0.91 | 0.003 | 25.0 |
High school | 2 | 0.49 | 0.30 | 0.79 | 0.003 | 0.0 |
University | 2 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.86 | 0.030 | 65.0 |
Living environment | 3 | 2.05 | 0.66 | 6.34 | 0.210 | 0.0 |
Drinking | 2 | 1.60 | 0.40 | 6.45 | 0.510 | 0.0 |
Trauma history | 2 | 1.53 | 0.71 | 3.33 | 0.280 | 0.0 |
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 | 6 | 1.32 | 1.00 | 1.74 | 0.050 | 0.0 |
Junior high school | 2 | 1.21 | 0.62 | 2.36 | 0.570 | 0.0 |
Agricultural labour | 2 | 1.17 | 0.54 | 2.56 | 0.690 | 0.0 |
Manual labour | 4 | 1.11 | 0.93 | 1.31 | 0.250 | 0.0 |
Smoking | 3 | 1.09 | 0.84 | 1.41 | 0.530 | 0.0 |
Gender | 8 | 1.05 | 0.99 | 1.12 | 0.090 | 55.0 |
Family history | 4 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.10 | 0.220 | 0.0 |
Age | 7 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.140 | 0.0 |