Introduction
Methods
Design and context
Project design: KTA knowledge creation
Knowledge Inquiry and Synthesist
Project practice: KTA action cycle
Assessing barriers to knowledge use
Selecting, tailoring, and monitoring
Implementing intervention and evaluating outcomes
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of patients
Variable | Subgroup | Groups | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental N = 107 | Control N = 107 | |||
Age, years | 63 (54,69) | 67 (57,73) | 0.064a | |
Sex | Male | 60 (56.07) | 67 (62.62) | 0.330b |
Female | 47 (43.93) | 40 (37.38) | ||
Height(m) | 1.62 (1.58,1.70) | 1.65 (1.56,1.70) | 0.673a | |
Weight(kg) | 63.56 ± 11.13 | 62.78 ± 10.79 | 0.599c | |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.70 ± 3.78 | 23.53 ± 3.53 | 0.732c | |
Drinking history | Has | 11 (10.28) | 14 (13.08) | 0.523b |
Has not | 96 (89.72) | 93 (86.92) | ||
Smoking history | Has | 34 (31.78) | 30 (28.04) | 0.550b |
Has not | 73 (68.22) | 77 (71.96) | ||
Disease diagnosis | Ischemic cerebrovascular disease | 87 (81.31) | 81 (75.70) | 0.394b |
Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease | 12 (11.21) | 19 (17.76) | ||
Others | 8 (7.48) | 7 (6.54) | ||
Charlson comorbidity index | 1 (1,2) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.711a | |
Anticoagulant | None | 23 (21.50) | 24 (22.43) | 0.980b |
Aspirin | 15 (14.02) | 13 (12.15) | ||
Clopidogrel | 24 (22.43) | 25 (23.36) | ||
Both | 45 (42.05) | 45 (42.06) | ||
Coagulation | PT | 12.89 ± 0.86 | 12.96 ± 0.79 | 0.574c |
APTT | 36.09 ± 4.32 | 36.05 ± 3.69 | 0.942c | |
INR | 0.98 (0.95,1.01) | 0.96 (0.93,1.02) | 0.163a | |
FIB | 3.42 (2.96,3.90) | 3.29 (2.93,3.86) | 0.216a | |
Duration of surgery, min | 60 (48,62) | 56 (45,61) | 0.379a | |
Catheter size | 5 F | 99 (92.52) | 100 (93.46) | 0.789b |
6 F | 8 (7.48) | 7 (6.54) |
Primary outcomes
Variable | Subgroup | Groups | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental N = 107 | Control N = 107 | |||
Bleeding event, n (%) | no | 106 (99.07) | 104 (97.20) | 0.621a |
yes | 1 (0.93) | 3 (2.80) | ||
Time of bleeding(after surgery), h | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.318b | |
Amount of bleeding, ml | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.321b | |
Hematoma event, n (%) | no | 107 | 105 | 0.498 a |
yes | 0 | 2 | ||
Hematoma size, cm2 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.156b | |
Ecchymosis size, cm2 | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.031b | |
Urinary retention, n (%) | no | 104 (97.20) | 98 (91.59) | 0.075c |
yes | 3 (2.80) | 9 (8.41) | ||
urinary catheter, n (%) | no | 106 (99.07) | 101 (94.39) | 0.119a |
yes | 1 (0.93) | 6 (5.61) | ||
Time of urinary catheter(after surgery), h | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.054b | |
Other vascular complications, n (%) | no | 107 (100) | 107 (100) | NA |
yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Secondary outcomes
Variable | Time | Groups | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental N = 107 | Control N = 107 | |||
Low back pain | Before TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.997a |
1st hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.415a | |
2nd hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.617a | |
3rd hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.50) | 0.612a | |
4th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | < 0.01a | |
5th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 2.00) | < 0.01a | |
6th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 3.00) | < 0.01a | |
7th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | < 0.01a | |
8th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 1.00(0.00, 4.00) | < 0.01a | |
Between group (Wald χ2 = 53.109, P < 0.01)b | Wald χ2 = 25.417, P < 0.01c | Waldχ2 = 91.022, P < 0.01d | ||
Leg pain | Before TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.317a |
1st hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.995a | |
2nd hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.314a | |
3rd hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.135a | |
4th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.758a | |
5th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 1.00) | < 0.01a | |
6th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 2.00) | < 0.01a | |
7th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | < 0.01a | |
8th hour after TFA | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 3.00) | < 0.01a | |
Between group (Wald χ2 = 61.830, P < 0.01)b | Wald χ2 = 24.591, P < 0.01c | Waldχ2 = 101.073, P < 0.01d |
Variable | Time | Groups | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental N = 107 | Control N = 107 | |||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | Before TFA | 135.47 ± 19.75 | 133.03 ± 18.34 | 0.350a |
1st hour after TFA | 131.21 ± 18.94 | 130.44 ± 19.02 | 0.765a | |
2nd hour after TFA | 131.59 ± 21.46 | 131.24 ± 18.58 | 0.900a | |
3rd hour after TFA | 133.70 ± 18.15 | 131.48 ± 22.64 | 0.429a | |
4th hour after TFA | 133.43 ± 18.04 | 134.57 ± 19.79 | 0.660a | |
5th hour after TFA | 133.35 ± 17.72 | 137.37 ± 20.94 | 0.130a | |
6th hour after TFA | 131.37 ± 17.44 | 140.26 ± 21.35 | 0.001a | |
7th hour after TFA | 131.40 ± 17.75 | 141.24 ± 21.00 | 0.000a | |
8th hour after TFA | 131.29 ± 18.11 | 143.87 ± 21.80 | 0.000a | |
Between group (F = 13952.528, P < 0.001)b | F = 2.132, P = 0.040b | F = 10.818, P < 0.001b | ||
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | Before TFA | 77.21 ± 9.23 | 77.22 ± 10.89 | 0.989a |
1st hour after TFA | 75.85 ± 9.39 | 76.70 ± 10.63 | 0.536a | |
2nd hour after TFA | 77.15 ± 8.91 | 77.07 ± 10.58 | 0.950a | |
3rd hour after TFA | 76.67 ± 8.49 | 78.21 ± 10.09 | 0.231a | |
4th hour after TFA | 75.63 ± 8.23 | 79.39 ± 10.01 | 0.003a | |
5th hour after TFA | 77.02 ± 9.17 | 79.58 ± 13.56 | 0.107a | |
6th hour after TFA | 75.79 ± 8.22 | 80.62 ± 11.58 | 0.001a | |
7th hour after TFA | 76 (70,80) | 81 (76,87) | 0.000c | |
8th hour after TFA | 74.88 ± 8.74 | 83.56 ± 12.14 | 0.000a | |
Between group (F = 22432.496, P < 0.001) b | F = 1.458, P = 0.182b | F = 4.323, P < 0.001b | ||
Pulse rate | Before TFA | 78 (71,82) | 75 (68,82) | 0.090c |
1st hour after TFA | 76.51 ± 10.20 | 74.26 ± 10.12 | 0.106a | |
2nd hour after TFA | 75.21 ± 9.17 | 73.37 ± 10.07 | 0.166a | |
3rd hour after TFA | 72.80 ± 9.61 | 73.91 ± 9.45 | 0.398 a | |
4th hour after TFA | 73.26 ± 8.70 | 73.46 ± 9.76 | 0.877a | |
5th hour after TFA | 73.67 ± 8.57 | 73.50 ± 10.75 | 0.899a | |
6th hour after TFA | 73.37 ± 8.48 | 73.41 ± 11.05 | 0.978a | |
7th hour after TFA | 72 (66,78) | 73 (68,80) | 0.412c | |
8th hour after TFA | 73.79 ± 9.18 | 74.67 ± 11.71 | 0.538a | |
Between group (F = 9188.417, P < 0.001)b | F = 3.523, P = 0.001 b | F = 1.064, P = 0.395 b |