Background
Methods
Theoretical basis
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Self-efficacy: Simple exercise moves and a scoreboard documenting user effort and participation in the form of accumulated points were included to increase user motivation and confidence in performing the exercise moves.
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Outcome expectations: Joyful interactions between two people (demonstrated in the exercise video) and specific fitness benefits (in the form of an audio instruction) were used to enhance positive outcome expectations in users.
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Self-regulation: A Personal Record page was included to allow users to monitor and regulate their own performance with reference to peer performance.
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Facilitators: Gaming elements such as point system and reward system are incorporated into the Family Move app to increase user engagement. Push notifications and text messages about exercise benefits are also used to engage users to use the app
Development process
Study design
Ethics
Study population
Data collection
Intervention
Measures
Health-related quality of life
Psychosocial wellbeing
Physical activity level
Family move app usage
Data analysis
Results
Participant flow and recruitment
Sample characteristics
Overall (n = 67) | Users (n = 52) | Non-Users (n = 15) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Parent gender, n(%) | – | |||
Female | 67 (100%) | 52 (100%) | 15 (100%) | |
Male | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Parent age, mean(SD) | 43.13 (5.22) | 43.46 (5.04) | 42.00 (5.84) | 0.343 |
Parent education level, n(%) | 0.059 | |||
Primary education or below | 4 (6.00) | 3 (5.90) | 1 (7.70) | |
Secondary education | 25 (37.30) | 18 (35.30) | 7 (53.80) | |
Post-secondary education | 6 (9.00) | 3 (5.90) | 3 (23.10) | |
Tertiary education | 29 (43.30) | 27 (52.90) | 2 (15.40) | |
Missing | 3 (4.50) | – | – | |
Parent employment, n(%) | 0.002 | |||
Employed | 35 (52.20) | 33 (64.70) | 2 (15.40) | |
Unemployed | 29 (43.30) | 18 (35.30) | 11 (84.60) | |
Missing | 3 (4.50) | – | – | |
Child gender, n(%) | 0.146 | |||
Female | 13 (19.40) | 8 (15.38) | 5 (33.33) | |
Male | 54 (80.60) | 44 (84.62) | 10 (66.67) | |
Child age, mean(SD) | 10.52(2.10) | 10.38(2.20) | 11.00(1.69) | 0.321 |
Monthly household income (HKD ‘000), mean(SD) | 73.05(88.56) | 74.02 (73.81) | 69.11(137.80) | 0.865 |
Overall (n = 67) | Users (n = 52) | Non-Users (n = 15) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | p-value | |
IPAQ-SF | ||||
Total physical activity level (MET-minutes/week) | 2732.44 (2362.34) | 2697.95 (2474.19) | 2889.56 (1881.36) | 0.828 |
Time spent in vigorous and moderate activities (minutes/week) | 282.86 (293.52) | 285.78 (314.60) | 270.91 (195.37) | 0.882 |
CHQ-PF50 | ||||
Physical functioning | 96.02(10.85) | 96.9(8.55) | 92.96(16.6) | 0.218 |
Role functioning - emotional/behavior | 87.73(21.11) | 89.1(19.12) | 82.96(27.17) | 0.325 |
Role functioning - physical | 95.27(13.55) | 94.87(14.59) | 96.67(9.34) | 0.655 |
Bodily pain | 87.16(17.39) | 87.50(16.19) | 86.00(21.65) | 0.771 |
General behavior | 76.21(16.63) | 77.28(16.56) | 72.50(16.88) | 0.331 |
Mental health | 81.04(14.37) | 82.12(11.13) | 77.33(22.43) | 0.437 |
Self-esteem | 70.09(13.21) | 70.75(11.94) | 67.78(17.21) | 0.447 |
General health perceptions | 68.16(18.01) | 69.09(17.47) | 64.94(20.1) | 0.437 |
Parental impact: emotional | 78.61(21.38) | 79.65(20.17) | 75.00(25.59) | 0.463 |
Parental impact: time | 80.43(23.62) | 81.2(22.28) | 77.78(28.48) | 0.625 |
Family activities | 81.03(23.05) | 81.65(22.22) | 78.89(26.47) | 0.686 |
Family cohesion | 67.73(23.57) | 68.82(23.14) | 64.00(25.44) | 0.490 |
Physical Summary Score | 53.19(7.69) | 53.38(7.25) | 52.53(9.32) | 0.711 |
Psychosocial Summary Score | 49.21(9.28) | 49.92(8.07) | 46.77(12.66) | 0.375 |
SDQ | ||||
Emotional symptoms | 1.88(1.99) | 1.75(1.72) | 2.33(2.74) | 0.450 |
Conduct problems | 1.73(1.46) | 1.62(1.33) | 2.13(1.85) | 0.230 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | 3.39(2.30) | 3.35(2.14) | 3.53(2.88) | 0.784 |
Peer relationship problems | 2.39(2.01) | 2.23(1.85) | 2.93(2.46) | 0.235 |
Prosocial behavior | 7.16(1.96) | 7.19(2.02) | 7.07(1.79) | 0.829 |
Total difficulties | 9.39(5.25) | 8.94(4.45) | 10.93(7.4) | 0.198 |
Outcomes at 1- and 6-month follow-up
Baseline Mean (SD) | 1 month Mean (SD) | d | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IPAQ-SF | ||||
Total physical activity level (MET-minutes/week) | 2732.44(2362.34) | 3363.61(2674.95) | 0.32 | 0.030 |
Time spent in vigorous and moderate activities (hours/week) | 282.86(293.52) | 360.8(324.49) | 0.28 | 0.040 |
CHQ-PF50 | ||||
Physical functioning | 96.02(10.85) | 96.85(7.32) | 0.10 | 0.405 |
Role functioning - emotional/behavior | 87.73(21.11) | 88.06(20.04) | 0.02 | 0.864 |
Role functioning - physical | 95.27(13.55) | 95.27(13.86) | 0.00 | 1.000 |
Bodily pain | 87.16(17.39) | 87.16(16.22) | 0.00 | 1.000 |
General behavior | 76.21(16.63) | 77.36(18) | 0.10 | 0.438 |
Mental health | 81.04(14.37) | 79.7(16.85) | 0.15 | 0.236 |
Self-esteem) | 70.09(13.21) | 70.15(14.13) | 0.01 | 0.957 |
General health perceptions | 68.16(18.01) | 69.98(16.67) | 0.14 | 0.272 |
Parental impact: emotional | 78.61(21.38) | 80.6(19.91) | 0.14 | 0.241 |
Parental impact: time | 80.43(23.62) | 81.59(23.42) | 0.09 | 0.481 |
Family activities | 81.03(23.05) | 83.52(22.56) | 0.14 | 0.248 |
Family cohesion | 67.73(23.57) | 69.39(24.28) | 0.09 | 0.469 |
Physical summary score | 53.19(7.69) | 53.75(6.65) | 0.11 | 0.385 |
Psychosocial summary Score | 49.21(9.28) | 49.38(10.28) | 0.03 | 0.797 |
SDQ | ||||
Emotional symptoms | 1.88(1.99) | 1.79(1.99) | 0.08 | 0.495 |
Conduct problems | 1.73(1.46) | 1.85(1.71) | 0.10 | 0.398 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | 3.39(2.30) | 3.1(2.21) | 0.22 | 0.079 |
Peer relationship problems | 2.39(2.01) | 2.34(1.81) | 0.03 | 0.804 |
Prosocial behavior | 7.16(1.96) | 7.48(1.93) | 0.22 | 0.081 |
Total difficulties | 9.39(5.25) | 9.09(5.27) | 0.11 | 0.388 |
Baseline Mean (SD) | 6 months Mean (SD) | d | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IPAQ-SF | ||||
Total physical activity level (MET-minutes/week) | 2732.44(2362.34) | 3448.28 (3043.95) | 0.30 | 0.042 |
Time spent in vigorous and moderate activities (hours/week) | 282.86(293.52) | 343.21 (343.14) | 0.21 | 0.126 |
CHQ-PF50 | ||||
Physical functioning | 96.02(10.85) | 96.52(11.31) | 0.04 | 0.763 |
Role functioning - emotional/behavior | 87.73(21.11) | 88.23(20.82) | 0.03 | 0.827 |
Role functioning - physical | 95.27(13.55) | 95.02(15.36) | 0.02 | 0.888 |
Bodily pain | 87.16(17.39) | 88.36(15.14) | 0.07 | 0.543 |
General behavior | 76.21(16.63) | 80.21(17.06) | 0.28 | 0.023 |
Mental health | 81.04(14.37) | 80.67(16.44) | 0.03 | 0.776 |
Self-esteem | 70.09(13.21) | 71.27(15.03) | 0.13 | 0.278 |
General health perceptions | 68.16(18.01) | 72.45(16.47) | 0.34 | 0.007 |
Parental impact: emotional | 78.61(21.38) | 79.98(19.89) | 0.09 | 0.475 |
Parental impact: time | 80.43(23.62) | 83.42(23.64) | 0.17 | 0.164 |
Family activities | 81.03(23.05) | 85.07(22.07) | 0.20 | 0.102 |
Family cohesion | 67.73(23.57) | 69.24(25.01) | 0.07 | 0.579 |
Physical summary score | 53.19(7.69) | 53.9(7.39) | 0.11 | 0.379 |
Psychosocial summary score | 49.21(9.28) | 50.22(10.3) | 0.17 | 0.181 |
SDQ | ||||
Emotional symptoms | 1.88(1.99) | 1.58(1.99) | 0.27 | 0.028 |
Conduct problems | 1.73(1.46) | 1.45(1.56) | 0.21 | 0.095 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | 3.39(2.30) | 2.87(2.12) | 0.40 | 0.002 |
Peer relationship problems | 2.39(2.01) | 2.3(1.78) | 0.05 | 0.675 |
Prosocial behavior | 7.16(1.96) | 7.79(1.91) | 0.37 | 0.003 |
Total difficulties | 9.39(5.25) | 8.19(5.31) | 0.35 | 0.005 |
Family move app usage and child outcomes
B(95%CI)a | p-value | R2 | F | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPAQ-SF | |||||
Total physical activity level (MET-minutes/week) | −2.83(−46.49, 40.83) | 0.897 | 0.55 | 10.94 | < 0.001 |
Time spent in vigorous and moderate activities (hours/week) | 1.17(−4.55, 6.89) | 0.684 | 0.40 | 6.77 | < 0.001 |
CHQ-PF50 | |||||
Physical functioning | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.10) | 0.924 | 0.53 | 14.06 | < 0.001 |
Role functioning - emotional/behavior | −0.11 (− 0.37, 0.15) | 0.413 | 0.60 | 18.03 | < 0.001 |
Role functioning - physical | −0.02 (− 0.25, 0.21) | 0.846 | 0.27 | 4.55 | 0.001 |
Bodily pain | 0.04 (− 0.20, 0.28) | 0.768 | 0.42 | 8.82 | < 0.001 |
General behavior | 0.12 (−0.11, 0.34) | 0.304 | 0.62 | 19.56 | < 0.001 |
Mental health | −0.07 (− 0.25, 0.11) | 0.438 | 0.71 | 30.43 | < 0.001 |
Self-esteem | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.27) | 0.256 | 0.62 | 20.10 | < 0.001 |
General health perceptions | −0.06(− 0.29, 0.16) | 0.575 | 0.51 | 12.54 | < 0.001 |
Parental impact: emotional | −0.04(− 0.28, 0.20) | 0.714 | 0.64 | 22.07 | < 0.001 |
Parental impact: time | −0.04(− 0.29, 0.21) | 0.746 | 0.71 | 30.18 | < 0.001 |
Family activities | 0.001(−0.30, 0.30) | 0.996 | 0.54 | 14.27 | < 0.001 |
Family cohesion | 0.23(−0.10, 0.56) | 0.165 | 0.54 | 14.05 | < 0.001 |
Physical summary score | −0.03(− 0.12, 0.05) | 0.465 | 0.55 | 15.07 | < 0.001 |
Psychosocial summary score | −0.04(− 0.14, 0.07) | 0.479 | 0.76 | 37.88 | < 0.001 |
SDQ | |||||
Emotional symptoms | −0.02(− 0.03, 0.004) | 0.122 | 0.75 | 36.73 | < 0.001 |
Conduct problems | −0.01(− 0.04, 0.009) | 0.249 | 0.57 | 16.22 | < 0.001 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | −0.02(− 0.04, 0.01) | 0.169 | 0.72 | 31.89 | < 0.001 |
Peer relationship problems | −0.02(− 0.04, 0.01) | 0.138 | 0.52 | 15.22 | < 0.001 |
Prosocial behavior | 0.003(−0.02, 0.03) | 0.816 | 0.52 | 15.12 | < 0.001 |
Total difficulties | −0.06(− 0.11, − 0.01) | 0.026 | 0.77 | 40.26 | < 0.001 |
B(95%CI)a | p-value | R2 | F | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPAQ-SF | |||||
Total physical activity level (MET-minutes/week) | −0.29(−55.85, 55.27) | 0.992 | 0.44 | 6.99 | < 0.001 |
Time spent in vigorous and moderate activities (hours/week) | −0.61(−6.68, 5.47) | 0.841 | 0.40 | 6.67 | < 0.001 |
CHQ-PF50 | |||||
Physical functioning | 0.06(−0.15, 0.26) | 0.562 | 0.12 | 1.68 | 0.154 |
Role functioning - emotional/behavior | −0.06(− 0.36, 0.25) | 0.717 | 0.50 | 11.94 | < 0.001 |
Role functioning - physical | 0.04(−0.21, 0.29) | 0.739 | 0.31 | 5.48 | < 0.001 |
Bodily pain | 0.07(−0.17, 0.31) | 0.581 | 0.31 | 5.57 | < 0.001 |
General behavior | 0.14(−0.11, 0.38) | 0.259 | 0.50 | 12.09 | < 0.001 |
Mental health | 0.03(−0.18, 0.24) | 0.754 | 0.61 | 18.67 | < 0.001 |
Self-esteem | 0.11(−0.05, 0.27) | 0.185 | 0.71 | 29.12 | < 0.001 |
General health perceptions | −0.01(− 0.22, 0.21) | 0.942 | 0.55 | 15.13 | < 0.001 |
Parental impact: emotional | 0.17(−0.10, 0.43) | 0.218 | 0.56 | 15.45 | < 0.001 |
Parental impact: time | 0.14(−0.18, 0.46) | 0.374 | 0.55 | 14.66 | < 0.001 |
Family activities | 0.15(−0.18, 0.48) | 0.379 | 0.43 | 9.03 | < 0.001 |
Family cohesion | 0.25(−0.14, 0.63) | 0.209 | 0.40 | 7.85 | < 0.001 |
Physical summary score | 0.02(−0.10, 0.13) | 0.785 | 0.39 | 7.79 | < 0.001 |
Psychosocial summary score | 0.02(−0.11, 0.14) | 0.829 | 0.68 | 26.21 | < 0.001 |
SDQ | |||||
Emotional symptoms | −0.01(−0.03, 0.01) | 0.585 | 0.73 | 33.68 | < 0.001 |
Conduct problems | −0.02(− 0.04, 0.01) | 0.145 | 0.40 | 8.17 | < 0.001 |
Hyperactivity/inattention | −0.01(− 0.04, 0.01) | 0.247 | 0.71 | 30.09 | < 0.001 |
Peer relationship problems | −0.02(− 0.05, 0.01) | 0.165 | 0.41 | 8.31 | < 0.001 |
Prosocial behavior | −0.002(− 0.03, 0.03) | 0.905 | 0.44 | 9.56 | < 0.001 |
Total difficulties | −0.05(− 0.11, 0.01) | 0.112 | 0.66 | 23.73 | < 0.001 |