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20.02.2020 | Schwerpunkt

Darm-Herz-Achse

Wie Darmbakterien kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen beeinflussen

verfasst von: Hendrik Bartolomaeus, Victoria McParland, Dr. med. Nicola Wilck

Erschienen in: Herz | Ausgabe 2/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Die Betrachtung des Menschen als einen Holobionten, bestehend aus eukaryotischen Wirtszellen und assoziierten prokaryotischen Lebewesen, hat eine neue Perspektive auf die kardiovaskuläre Pathophysiologie eröffnet. Insbesondere die Bakterien des Darms beeinflussen die Zell- und Organfunktionen ihres Wirts. Darmbakterien stellen eine stoffwechselaktive Gemeinschaft dar, deren Zusammensetzung und Funktion kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen beeinflussen kann. Die Interaktion zwischen Darmbakterien und Herz erfolgt über Metabolite bakteriellen Ursprungs, welche im Darm resorbiert und über die Zirkulation verteilt werden. Bakterielle Metabolite entstehen aus Nahrungsbestandteilen, was wiederum die Bedeutung der Ernährung unterstreicht. Manche dieser Metabolite, wie z. B. Trimethylamin-N-oxid (TMAO), können kardiovaskuläre Pathologien verstärken. Kurzkettige Fettsäuren wiederum werden als protektive Metabolite betrachtet. Das Immunsystem des Wirts ist dabei ein wichtiger Angriffspunkt für diese Metabolite und erklärt einen großen Teil ihrer Wirkungen. In der Zukunft könnte die gezielte Beeinflussung der Darmbakterien helfen, die Entstehung und Progression von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen zu verhindern.

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Titel: Darm-Herz-Achse
Wie Darmbakterien kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen beeinflussen
verfasst von: Hendrik Bartolomaeus
Victoria McParland
Dr. med. Nicola Wilck
Publikationsdatum: 20.02.2020
Verlag: Springer Medizin
Erschienen in: Herz / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0340-9937
Elektronische ISSN: 1615-6692
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-020-04897-0

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