Background
Methods
Materials
Fabrication of niosome of cinnamaldehyde (Cinnosome)
Formulation | Cinn. (µl) | Tween 60 (mg) | Span 60 (mg) | Chol. (mg) | Ethanol (ml) | Water (ml) | Size (nm) | PDI | Zeta P. (mVolt.) | EE (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cinnosome 1 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 5 | Up to 15 | 137.65 ± 13.35 | 0.242 ± 0.00 | -12.9 ± 0.7 | 60.72 ± 1.15 |
Cinnosome 2 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 5 | Up to 15 | 228.75 ± 2.38 | 0.244 ± 0.01 | -10.87 ± 1.09 | 66.72 ± 3.93 |
Cinnosome 3 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 5 | Up to 15 | 235.63 ± 4.45 | 0.253 ± 0.00 | -9.53 ± 1.37 | 61.51 ± 4.85 |
Cinnosome 4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 150 | 5 | Up to 15 | 242.63 ± 8.61 | 0.242 ± 0.01 | -5.32 ± 0.86 | 48.46 ± 5.72 |
Cinnosome 5 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 5 | Up to 15 | 297.17 ± 10.26 | 0.274 ± 0.03 | -2.67 ± 1.04 | 47.18 ± 4.74 |
Characterization of noisome vesicle
Entrapment efficacy (EE percentage)
FE-SEM2 analysis
ATR-FTIR3 spectroscopy
In vitro drug release
Cell culture
Preparation of culture medium, cell culture, and passaging
Preparation of cell freeze
Thawing
Investigating the cytotoxic effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on fibroblast and macrophage cell lines in vitro
Measurement of IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines secreted from THP-1 cell line macrophage stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and treated with cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde by ELISA method
Measuring TGF-β cytokines secreted from gingival fibroblast cells treated with cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde by ELISA method
Statistical analysis
Results
Characterization of niosome
FE-SEM analysis
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
In vitro drug release
The results of investigating the effect of cytotoxicity of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on HGF fibroblast cell line in vitro using XTT test
The results of investigating the effect of cytotoxicity of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on THP-1 macrophage cell line in vitro using XTT test
The results of measurement of TNF-α cytokine secretion from the THP-1 cell line macrophages treated with cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method
Comparison between two groups | P-Value | |
---|---|---|
Cin 2.5 + LPS | LPS | 0.0159* |
Cin 15 + LPS | LPS | 0.0079** |
Nano-Cin 2.5 + LPS | LPS | 0.0635 |
Nano-Cin 15 + LPS | LPS | 0.0079** |
The results of measurement of IL-6 cytokine secretion from THP-1 cell line macrophages treated with cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde by ELISA method
Comparison between two groups | P-Value | |
---|---|---|
Cin 2.5 + LPS | LPS | 0.0159* |
Cin 15 + LPS | LPS | 0.0079** |
Nano-Cin 2.5 + LPS | LPS | 0.1111 |
Nano-Cin 15 + LPS | LPS | 0.0159* |
The results of measurement of TGF-β cytokine secretion from gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells treated with cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde by ELISA method
Comparison between two groups | p-Value | |
---|---|---|
Cin 2.5 | Control | 0.1667 |
Cin 15 | Control | 0.0079** |
Nano-Cin 2.5 | Control | 0.0317* |
Nano-Cin 15 | Control | 0.0079** |