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Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 6/2023

24.07.2023 | Rheumatoide Arthritis | Leitthema

Energiemetabolismus des Immunsystems

Konsequenzen bei chronischen Entzündungen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Rainer H. Straub, Georg Pongratz, Frank Buttgereit, Timo Gaber

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie | Ausgabe 6/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Energie ist die Währung des Lebens. Der systemische und zelluläre Energiestoffwechsel spielen eine wesentliche Rolle für die Energieversorgung des ruhenden und aktivierten Immunsystems, und das trifft auch bei chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankungen zu.

Ziel der Arbeit

In dieser Darstellung werden beide Komponenten des Energiestoffwechsels bei Gesundheit und Entzündung beleuchtet.

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche mittels PubMed, Embase und der Cochrane Library durchgeführt. Die Information wird im Sinne einer narrativen Übersichtsarbeit vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse

Ein chronisch aktiviertes Immunsystem akquiriert große Mengen an energiereichen Substraten, die für andere Funktionen des Körpers verloren gehen. Dabei konkurrieren insbesondere das Immunsystem und das Gehirn. Folgeprobleme dieses Wettstreits sind viele bekannte Folgekrankheiten wie Müdigkeit, Angst, Depression, Anorexie, Schlafprobleme, Sarkopenie, Osteoporose, Insulinresistenz, Hypertension und andere. Die dauerhafte Veränderung im Gehirn bewirkt eine langfristige Aufrechterhaltung der Folgeprobleme auch in der Krankheitsremission. In der immunzellulären Energieversorgung findet bei chronischer Entzündung typischerweise eine Umstellung auf die Glykolyse (hin zu Laktat, das eigene Funktionen aufweist) und den Pentosephosphatweg bei Störungen der mitochondrialen Funktion statt. Die chronischen Veränderungen führen in Immunzellen von Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) zu einer Störung des Krebszyklus. Daran ist auch die hypoxische Situation im entzündeten Gewebe beteiligt. Es werden Effektorfunktionen von regulatorischen Funktionen unterschieden.

Diskussion

Auf dem Boden der genannten Energieveränderungen können neben bekannten auch neuartige Therapievorschläge gemacht werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Energiemetabolismus des Immunsystems
Konsequenzen bei chronischen Entzündungen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Rainer H. Straub
Georg Pongratz
Frank Buttgereit
Timo Gaber
Publikationsdatum
24.07.2023
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie / Ausgabe 6/2023
Print ISSN: 0340-1855
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1250
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-023-01389-4

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