nach oben

12.05.2024 | Original Article

Measurement of the lengths of different sections of the upper airway and their predictive factors

verfasst von: Saleh Alqaryan, Abdulaziz Alrabiah, Khaled Alhussinan, Mohammed Alyousef, Faisal Alosamey, Yousef Aljathlany, Abdullah Aljasser, Manal Bukhari, Mohammed Almohizea, Adeena Khan, Khalid Alqahtani, Ahmed Alammar

Erschienen in: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

No studies have been conducted to define the lengths of the upper airway’s different segments in normal healthy adults.

Aims/Objectives

This study aimed to determine the length of the subglottis and extrathoracic trachea and the factors affecting it.

Material and methods

This was an observational retrospective review study. Included 102 adult patients who underwent CT scan during the quiet inspiration phase of the upper airway.

Results

The results revealed significant positive linear relationships between height and both anterior and posterior subglottic measurements (p < 0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant, moderately strong negative correlation between age and extrathoracic tracheal measurements (p > 0.001) was observed. Men exhibited longer anterior (p < 0.001) and posterior (p > 0.001) subglottic measurements. In both sexes, the average length of the anterior subglottis was 14.16 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.72) mm, posterior subglottis was 14.51 (SD: 2.85) mm and extrathoracic trachea was 66.37 (SD: 13.71) mm.

Conclusion and significance

We concluded that a normal healthy adult’s anterior subglottis length is 6.3–19.3 mm (mean: 14.16 [SD: 2.72] mm), posterior subglottis length is 6.1–20.0 mm (mean: 14.51 [SD: 2.85] mm) and extrathoracic trachea length is 25.2–98.5 mm (mean: 66.37 [SD: 13.71] mm). Age, height and sex affected the upper airway length.

Kutta H, Steven P, Paulsen F (2007) Anatomical definition of the subglottic region. Cells Tissues Organs 184(3–4):205–214. https://doi.org/10.1159/000099628CrossRef

Mete A, Akbudak İH (2018) Functional anatomy and physiology of airway. In: Erbay R (ed) Tracheal intubation. IntechOpen, London. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.77037

Reidenbach MM (1998) Subglottic region: normal topography and possible clinical implications. Clin Anat 11(1):9–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:1%3c9::AID-CA2%3e3.0.CO;2-RCrossRefPubMed

Alsufyani N, Flores-Mir C, Major P (2012) Three-dimensional segmentation of the upper airway using cone beam CT: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 41(4):276–284. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/79433138CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brown BM, Oshita AK, Castellino RA (1983) CT assessment of the adult extrathoracic trachea. J Comput Assist Tomogr 7(3):415–418. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198306000-00005CrossRefPubMed

Bryce DP (1975) The laryngeal subglottis. J Laryngol Otol 89(7):667–685. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215100080890CrossRefPubMed

Cherng CH, Wong CS, Hsu CH, Ho ST (2002) Airway length in adults: estimation of the optimal endotracheal tube length for orotracheal intubation. J Clin Anesth 14(4):271–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-8180(02)00355-0CrossRefPubMed

Connor S (2007) Laryngeal cancer: how does the radiologist help? Cancer Imaging 7(1):93–103. https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2007.0010CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Coordes A, Rademacher G, Knopke S, Todt I, Ernst A, Estel B, Seidl RO (2011) Selection and placement of oral ventilation tubes based on tracheal morphometry. Laryngoscope 121(6):1225–1230. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.21752CrossRefPubMed

10.

DeGraff AC, Bouhuys A (1973) Mechanics of air flow in airway obstruction. Annu Rev Med 24(1):111–134. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.24.020173.000551CrossRefPubMed

11.

Enver N, Doruk C, Kara E, Asilyukesek H, Başaran B (2018) A morphometric analysis of laryngeal anatomy: a cadaveric study. Turkish J Ear Nose Throat 28(2):71–77. https://doi.org/10.5606/Tr-ENT.2018.35229CrossRef

12.

Gamsu G, Webb WR (1982) Computed tomography of the trachea: normal and abnormal. AJR Am J Roentgenol 139(2):321–326. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.139.2.321CrossRefPubMed

13.

Grillo HC (1965) Circumferential resection and reconstruction of the mediastinal and cervical trachea. Ann Surg 162(3):374–388. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-196509000-00007CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Hatipoglu Z, Turktan M, Avci A (2016) The anesthesia of trachea and bronchus surgery. J Thorac Dis 8(11):3442–3451.‏ https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2016.11.35

15.

Jain M, Dhall U (2010) Morphometry of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages in adults on CT scan. J Anat Soc India 59(1):19–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2778(10)80005-XCrossRef

16.

Jotz GP, Stefani MA, Filho OP, Malysz T, Soster PR, Leão HZ (2014) A morphometric study of the larynx. J Voice 28(6):668–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.03.008CrossRefPubMed

17.

Kamel KS, Lau G, Stringer MD (2009) In vivo and in vitro morphometry of the human trachea. Clin Anat 22:571–579. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.20815CrossRefPubMed

18.

Kuo GP, Torok CM, Aygun N, Zinreich SJ (2011) Diagnostic imaging of the upper airway. Proc Am Thorac Soc 8(1):40–45. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.201004-032RNCrossRefPubMed

19.

Shepard J, Flores E J, Abbott GF (2018) Imaging of the trachea. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 7(2):197–209.‏ https://doi.org/10.21037/acs.2018.03.09

20.

Prasanna Kumar S, Ravikumar A (2014) Biometric study of the internal dimensions of subglottis and upper trachea in adult Indian population. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 66(1):261–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-012-0477-xCrossRefPubMed

21.

Ulusoy M, Uysal II, Kivrak AS, Ozbek S, Karabulut AK, Paksoy Y, Dogan NU (2016) Age and gender related changes in bronchial tree: a morphometric study with multidedector CT. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 20(16):3351–3357PubMed

22.

Zhou N, Ho JP, Klop C et al (2021) Intra-individual variation of upper airway measurements based on computed tomography. PLoS One 16(11):e0259739CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Wong YL, KrishnanV IN, Mohamad MH (2021) Application of postmortem radiographs: advantages & disadvantages: a case report. J Clin Health Sci 6(1):52–58CrossRef

24.

Martin SE, Mathur R, Marshall I, Douglas NJ (1997) The effect of age, sex, obesity and posture on upper airway size. Eur Respir J 10(9):2087–2090. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10092087CrossRefPubMed

25.

Mobashir MK, Abd El Raof SM, Quriba AS, Anany AM, Hassan EM (2018) Linear measurements of vocal folds and laryngeal dimensions in freshly excised human larynges. J Voice 32(5):525–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.08.024CrossRefPubMed

26.

Abramson Z, Susarla S, Troulis M, Kaban L (2009) Age-related changes of the upper airway assessed by 3-dimensional computed tomography. J Craniofac Surg 20:657–663. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e318193d521CrossRefPubMed

27.

Otoch JP, Minamoto H, Perini M, Carneiro FO, Artifon EL (2013) Is there a correlation between right bronchus length and diameter with age? J Thorac Dis 5(3):306. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.03.12CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Lin H, Xiong H, Ji C et al (2020) Upper airway lengthening caused by weight increase in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Respir Res 21(272):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01532-8CrossRef

29.

Susarla SM, Abramson ZR, Dodson TB, Kaban LB (2010) Cephalometric measurement of upper airway length correlates with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68(11):2846–2855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2010.06.196CrossRefPubMed

30.

Abramson Z, Susarla S, August M, Troulis M, Kaban L (2010) Three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis of airway anatomy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68(2):354–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.09.087CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Measurement of the lengths of different sections of the upper airway and their predictive factors
verfasst von: Saleh Alqaryan
Abdulaziz Alrabiah
Khaled Alhussinan
Mohammed Alyousef
Faisal Alosamey
Yousef Aljathlany
Abdullah Aljasser
Manal Bukhari
Mohammed Almohizea
Adeena Khan
Khalid Alqahtani
Ahmed Alammar
Publikationsdatum: 12.05.2024
Verlag: Springer Paris
Erschienen in: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
Print ISSN: 0930-1038
Elektronische ISSN: 1279-8517
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-024-03345-6

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Measurement of the lengths of different sections of the upper airway and their predictive factors

Abstract

Background

Aims/Objectives

Material and methods

Results

Conclusion and significance

Neu im Fachgebiet Radiologie

Mammakarzinom: Brustdichte beeinflusst rezidivfreies Überleben

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

Klinikreform soll zehntausende Menschenleben retten

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Update Radiologie

Live-Webinar "Urologie und Sexualmedizin in der Praxis"

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Background

Aims/Objectives

Material and methods

Results

Conclusion and significance

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Neu im Fachgebiet Radiologie

Mammakarzinom: Brustdichte beeinflusst rezidivfreies Überleben

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

Klinikreform soll zehntausende Menschenleben retten

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Update Radiologie