Introduction
Materials and methods
Patients and AF detection
Definitions and statistical analyses
Results
Study population
No atrial fibrillation (n = 196) | Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (n = 33) | Atrial fibrillation on admission (n = 43) |
P value No AF vs. paroxysmal AF |
P value AF on admission vs. paroxysmal AF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 67 ± 13 | 76 ± 11 | 79 ± 6 |
0.001
| 0.401 |
Female gender | 82 (41.8 %) | 14 (42.4 %) | 25 (58.1 %) | 1.000 | 0.247 |
BMI | 27.6 ± 5.9 | 27.6 ± 5.8 | 28.1 ± 5.3 | 0.998 | 0.932 |
NIH-SS | 2 (1;4) | 5 (4;9) | 4 (3;8) |
<0.001
| 0.611 |
Modified Rankin Scale | 2 (1;3) | 3 (2;4) | 3 (2;4) |
0.021
| 0.502 |
Stroke severitya
| 0.002 | 0.112 | |||
TIA | 69 (35.2 %) | 3 (9.1 %) | 13 (30.2 %) | ||
Minor stroke | 54 (27.6 %) | 8 (24.2 %) | 7 (16.3 %) | ||
Major stroke | 73 (37.2 %) | 22 (66.7 %) | 23 (53.5 %) | ||
TOAST classification |
<0.001
|
0.001
| |||
Large artery atherosclerosis | 39 (19.9 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | ||
Cardioembolic | 28 (14.3 %) | 15 (45.5 %) | 36 (83.7 %) | ||
Lacunar/small vessels | 27 (13.8 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | ||
Rare/other causes | 5 (2.6 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | 0 (0.0 %) | ||
Undetermined/multiple Causes | 97 (49.5 %) | 18 (54.5 %) | 7 (16.3 %) | ||
Heart rate (bpm) | 72 ± 13 | 71 ± 16 | 80 ± 19 | 0.894 |
0.013
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 144 ± 25 | 153 ± 25 | 142 ± 25 | 0.129 | 0.161 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 13 | 79 ± 13 | 84 ± 16 | 1.000 | 0.292 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.921 |
0.004
|
Haemoglobin (mg/dl) | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 13.6 ± 2.0 | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 0.581 | 0.172 |
Left atrial diameter (mm) | 41 ± 7 | 44 ± 6 | 51 ± 8 |
0.031
|
0.001
|
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 62 ± 12 | 60 ± 10 | 58 ± 12 | 0.587 | 0.824 |
History of stroke | 32 (16.3 %) | 5 (15.2 %) | 5 (11.6 %) | 1.000 | 0.739 |
History of TIA | 20 (10.2 %) | 2 (6.1 %) | 4 (9.3 %) | 0.749 | 0.692 |
Heart failure | 10 (5.1 %) | 2 (6.1 %) | 7 (16.3 %) | 0.685 | 0.284 |
Hypertension | 139 (70.9 %) | 28 (84.8 %) | 34 (79.1 %) | 0.137 | 0.566 |
Diabetes mellitus | 44 (22.4 %) | 7 (21.2 %) | 16 (37.2 %) | 1.000 | 0.207 |
Current Smoker | 51 (26.0 %) | 4 (12.1 %) | 2 (4.7 %) | ||
Hyperlipidaemia | 63 (32.1 %) | 17 (51.5 %) | 13 (30.2 %) |
0.047
| 0.097 |
Coronary artery disease | 22 (11.2 %) | 12 (36.4 %) | 9 (20.9 %) |
0.001
| 0.196 |
Peripheral artery disease | 5 (2.6 %) | 2 (6.1 %) | 1 (2.3 %) | 0.266 | 0.576 |