Background
Methods
Study design and sample
Survey tool and data collection
Study variables
Socio-demographic and professional characteristics
Teledentistry utilization and related practices
Perceptions to teledentistry
Data analysis
Results
Sociodemographic and professional characteristics of study participants
Variable | N | (%) |
---|---|---|
Professional Category | ||
General Dentist | 414 | 90.8 |
Dental Specialist | 42 | 9.2 |
Age Category | ||
< 35 years | 42 | 9.2 |
35–44 years | 90 | 19.7 |
45–54 years | 104 | 22.8 |
55–64 years | 150 | 32.9 |
65 years and above | 70 | 15.4 |
Gender | ||
Female | 187 | 41.0 |
Male | 260 | 57.0 |
Prefer not to disclose | 9 | 2.0 |
Years of experience | ||
< 6 years | 36 | 7.9 |
6–10 years | 47 | 10.3 |
11–15 years | 47 | 10.3 |
16 years and above | 326 | 71.5 |
Location of practice | ||
Major City | 267 | 58.6 |
City or town | 152 | 33.3 |
Remote areas | 35 | 7.7 |
Unspecified | 2 | 0.4 |
Type of practice | ||
Private practice | 428 | 93.9 |
Public health practice | 6 | 1.3 |
Educational institution | 9 | 2.0 |
Hospital | 6 | 1.3 |
Others | 7 | 1.5 |
Neighborhood served | ||
Low income | 65 | 14.2 |
Not low income | 383 | 84.0 |
Unspecified | 8 | 1.8 |
Number of practice settings | ||
1 | 341 | 74.8 |
2 | 74 | 16.2 |
3 and above | 40 | 8.8 |
Unspecified | 1 | 0.2 |
Total | 456 | 100.0 |
Usage patterns and perspectives of teledentistry among Ontario dentists
Variable | N | (%) |
---|---|---|
Use of Teledentistry (n = 456) | ||
Yes, before pandemic | 60 | 13.1 |
Yes, during pandemic | 165 | 36.2 |
No | 222 | 48.7 |
Unspecified | 9 | 2.0 |
Teledentistry modes during the pandemica (n = 225) | ||
Telephone/mobile phone | 51 | 11.2 |
Live virtual calls (Zoom, Skype etc.) | 13 | 2.9 |
Capturing photos from patient’s cell phone | 40 | 8.8 |
Capturing photos via intra oral cameras | 9 | 2.0 |
Email containing patient information (photos, charts) | 38 | 8.3 |
File hosting service (e.g. dropbox, google drive) | 4 | 0.9 |
Third party platforms (e.g. Dentists online, Turnkey) | 2 | 0.4 |
Reasons for not using Teledentistry (n = 218) | ||
No interest | 118 | 54.1 |
Low awareness of benefit | 64 | 29.3 |
Privacy concerns | 38 | 17.4 |
Lack of technological infrastructure | 35 | 16.1 |
Cost | 21 | 9.6 |
Other Reasons: (Billing issues, Associates who have no say, “unnecessary”) | 68 | 31.2 |
Level of comfort discussing teledentistry (n = 390) | ||
Very comfortable | 28 | 7.2 |
Comfortable | 71 | 18.2 |
Neither comfortable nor uncomfortable | 178 | 45.6 |
Uncomfortable | 64 | 12.6 |
Very uncomfortable | 49 | 16.4 |
Usage frequency during pandemic (n = 390) | ||
Always | 5 | 1.3 |
Often | 28 | 7.2 |
Sometimes | 97 | 24.9 |
Rarely | 146 | 37.4 |
Never | 114 | 29.2 |
Sources of Teledentistry information (n = 456) | ||
Professional association guidelines | 318 | 69.7 |
Provincial Ministry of Health guidelines | 105 | 23.0 |
Research articles | 28 | 6.1 |
Third party sources | 21 | 4.6 |
Health blogs | 12 | 2.6 |
Other (e.g. conferences, peers, webinars) | 13 | 2.9 |
Unspecified | 127 | 27.9 |
No | Statement | Strongly agree/Agree (%) | Neither agree nor disagree (%) | Strongly disagree/Disagree (%) | No response (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Teledentistry was efficient for referrals during the pandemic | 116 (25.5) | 172 (37.7) | 102 (22.3) | 66 (14.5) |
2 | Teledentistry has improved co-worker interaction during the pandemic | 56 (12.3) | 182 (39.9) | 152 (33.3) | 66 (14.5) |
3 | Teledentistry has improved communication with patients during the pandemic | 105 (23.0) | 154 (33.8) | 131 (28.7) | 66 (14.5) |
4 | Teledentistry was effective in providing oral hygiene instructions | 79 (17.3) | 120 (26.3) | 191 (41.9) | 66 (14.5) |
5 | Teledentistry has improved patient access to oral health care including reducing travel time | 125 (27.4) | 125 (27.4) | 140 (30.7) | 66 (14.5) |
6 | Teledentistry has increased access to specialists for rural and underserved communities | 84 (18.4) | 197 (43.2) | 109 (23.9) | 66 (14.5) |
7 | Teledentistry should be a part of routine dental care | 115 (25.2) | 88 (19.3) | 187 41.0) | 66 (14.5) |
8 | Teledentistry equipment is reliable for dental consultations | 181 (39.6) | 109 (23.9) | 91 (20.0) | 75 (16.4) |
9 | Teledentistry equipment is reliable for triaging patients | 264 (57.9) | 82 (18.0) | 35 (7.6) | 75 (16.4) |
10 | Teledentistry equipment is reliable for dental treatment | 59 (12.9) | 102 (22.4) | 220 (48.2) | 75 (16.4) |
11 | Teledentistry equipment is reliable for patient follow-up | 254 (55.7) | 83 (18.2) | 44 (9.6) | 75 (16.4) |
12 | Teledentistry equipment is reliable for storing and transmitting information safely | 132 (29.0) | 150 (32.9) | 99 (21.7) | 75 (16.4) |
Association between participant characteristics and current use of teledentistry
Variable (N) | Current use of Teledentistry | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Started before pandemic (n = 60) 13.2% | Started during pandemic (n = 165) 36.2% | Not using (n = 222) 48.7% | Total (n = 447) 100.0 | Chi Sq (p value) | |
Professional Category | |||||
General Dentist | 13.8 | 37.2 | 49.0 | 90.8 | 0.922 (0.630) |
Dental specialists | 9.8 | 34.1 | 56.1 | 9.2 | |
Age Category | |||||
< 35 years | 4.9 | 46.3 | 48.8 | 9.2 | 10.44 (0.235) |
35–44 years | 20.2 | 37.1 | 42.7 | 19.9 | |
45–54 years | 10.7 | 35.9 | 53.4 | 23.0 | |
55–64 years | 12.5 | 38.9 | 48.6 | 32.2 | |
65 years and above | 15.7 | 28.6 | 55.7 | 15.7 | |
Gender# | |||||
Female | 10.3 | 46.2 | 43.53.3 | 41.2 | 14.95 (0.005)* |
Male | 15.0 | 30.3 | 54.7 | 56.8 | |
Others | 33.3 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 2.0 | |
Years of experience | |||||
0–10 years | 12.3 | 44.4 | 43.3 | 18.1 | 2.456 (0.296) |
11 years and above | 13.7 | 35.2 | 51.1 | 81.9 | |
Location of practice | |||||
Major City | 11.5 | 41.4 | 47.1 | 58.4 | 6.335 (0.175) |
City or town | 16.4 | 29.6 | 53.9 | 34.0 | |
Remote areas | 14.7 | 35.3 | 50 | 7.6 | |
Type of practice | |||||
Private practice | 13.8 | 35.2 | 51.0 | 95.3 | 11.31 (0.003)* |
Others | 4.8 | 71.4 | 23.8 | 4.7 | |
Neighborhood served# | |||||
Low income | 10.8 | 41.5 | 47.7 | 14.5 | 0.899 (0.638) |
Not low income | 13.9 | 36.1 | 50.0 | 85.5 | |
Number of practice settings# | |||||
1 | 12.5 | 33.5 | 54.0 | 75.4 | 10.46 (0.033)* |
2 | 16.9 | 46.5 | 36.6 | 15.9 | |
3 and above | 15.4 | 48.7 | 35.9 | 8.7 | |
Number of resources accessed | |||||
None | 14.3 | 18.5 | 67.2 | 26.6 | 27.31 (< 0.001)* |
1 | 10.9 | 43.8 | 45.3 | 45.0 | |
2 or more | 16.5 | 43.3 | 40.2 | 28.4 | |
Level of comfort with discussing teledentistry# | |||||
Uncomfortable | 4.4 | 25.6 | 69.9 | 29.0 | 34.67 (< 0.001)* |
Neutral | 13.5 | 39.9 | 46.6 | 45.6 | |
Comfortable | 20.2 | 48.5 | 31.3 | 25.4 |
Predicting the future usage of teledentistry from participants’ characteristics.
Variable (N) | Likelihood of future use | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n = 133 (29.2%) | No n = 323 (70.8%) | Total n = 456 | Chi Sq p value | |
Professional Category | ||||
General Dentist | 119 (28.7) | 295 (72.3) | 414 (90.8) | 0.388 (0.532) |
Dental specialists | 14 (33.3) | 28 (66.7) | 42 (9.2) | |
Age Category | ||||
< 35 years | 17 (40.5) | 25 (59.5) | 42 (9.2) | 7.22 (0.125) |
35—44 years | 29 (32.2) | 61 (67.8) | 90 (19.7) | |
45 – 54 years | 31 (29.8) | 73 (70.2) | 104 (22.8) | |
55 – 64 years | 33 (22.0) | 117 (78.0) | 150 (32.9) | |
65 years and above | 23 (32.9) | 47 (67.1) | 70 (15.4) | |
Genderb | ||||
Female | 62 (33.2) | 125(66.8) | 187 (41.0) | 3.91 (0.141) |
Male | 67 (35.8) | 193 (74.2) | 260 (57.0) | |
Others | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.5) | 9 (2.0) | |
Years of experienceb (N = 455) | ||||
0—10 years | 30 (36.6) | 52 (63.4) | 82 (18.0) | 2.62 (0.105) |
11 years and above | 103 (27.6) | 270 (72.4) | 373 (82.0) | |
Location of practiceb (N = 454) | ||||
Major City | 85 (31.8) | 182 (68.2) | 267 (58.8) | 2.02 (0.364) |
City or town | 39 (25.7) | 113 (74.3) | 152 (33.5) | |
Remote areas | 9 (26.5) | 26 (76.5) | 35 (7.7) | |
Type of practiceb (N = 454) | ||||
Private practice | 120 (27.8) | 312 (72.2) | 432(95.1) | 9.91 (< 0.001)* |
Others | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) | 22 (4.9) | |
Neighborhood servedb (N = 448) | ||||
Low income | 16 (24.6) | 49 (75.4) | 65 (14.5) | 0.94 |
Not low income | 117 (30.5) | 266 (69.5) | 383 (85.5) | (0.33) |
Number of practice settingsb (N = 455) | ||||
1 | 87 (25.5) | 254 (74.5) | 341 (74.9) | 9.74 (0.007) |
2 | 28 (37.8) | 46 (62.2) | 74 (17.3) | |
3 and above | 18 (45.0) | 22 (55.0) | 40 (8.8) | |
Number of resources accessed | ||||
None | 19 (14.8) | 109 (85.2) | 128 (28.0) | 22.55 (< 0.001) |
1 | 61 (30.4) | 140 (69.6) | 201 (44.1) | |
2 or more | 53 (41.7) | 74 (58.3) | 127(27.9) | |
Level of comfort with utilizing teledentistryb(N = 390) | ||||
Uncomfortable | 11 (9.7) | 102 (90.3) | 113 (29.0) | 71.14 (< 0.001) |
Neutral Comfortable | 58 (32.5) 64 (58.5) | 120 (67.5) 35 (35.5) | 178 (45.6) 99 (25.4) |