Background
Materials and methods
Subjects
Clinical data
Imaging data
Pathology and gene mutation results
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients’ baseline data
High risk (509) | Non-high risk (1291) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | < 0.001* | ||
Male | 288 (56.58) | 257 (19.91) | |
Female | 221 (43.42) | 1034 (80.09) | |
Age | < 0.001* | ||
Mean ± SD | 57.58 ± 9.262 | 53.67 ± 11.590 | |
Smoking history | |||
Yes | 265 (52.06) | 20 (1.55) | < 0.001* |
No | 244 (47.94) | 1271 (98.45) | |
Medical history | |||
Tumor | 78 (15.32) | 6 (0.46) | < 0.001* |
Pulmonary fibrosis | 1 (0.20) | 0 | 0.283 |
COPD | 4 (0.79) | 0 | 0.006* |
Pulmonary tuberculosis | 11 (2.16) | 2 (0.15) | < 0.001* |
Family history of tumors | |||
Lung cancer | 192 (37.72) | 16 (1.24) | < 0.001* |
Other tumors | 80 (15.72) | 122 (9.45) | < 0.001* |
Exposure history | |||
Oil, smoke and dust | 9 (1.77) | 1 (0.08) | < 0.001* |
Asbestos, beryllium, uranium, radon, etc | 1 (0.20) | 1 (0.08) | 0.486 |
GGN detection way | 0.413 | ||
Physical examination | 302 (59.33) | 793 (61.43) | |
Others | 207 (40.67) | 498 (38.57) | |
Clinical stage | 0.488 | ||
IA | 457 (89.78) | 1143 (88.54) | |
IB | 48 (9.43) | 140 (10.84) | |
IIB | 3 (0.59) | 5 (0.39) | |
IIIA | 0 | 2 (0.15) | |
IIIB | 1 (0.20) | 0 | |
IV | 0 | 1 (0.08) | |
Pathological subtypec (total = 1237) | < 0.001* | ||
AAH + AIS | 29 (8.43) | 128 (14.33) | |
MIA | 123 (35.76) | 381 (42.67) | |
IAC | 192 (55.81) | 384 (43.00) | |
Time from detection to diagnosis | 0.015* | ||
≤ 3 months | 242 (47.54) | 629 (48.72) | |
4–12 months | 151 (29.67) | 440 (34.08) | |
> 12 months | 116 (22.79) | 222 (17.2) |
Imaging features of risk groups
High risk (509) | Non-high risk (1291) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Density | 0.676 | ||
pGGN | 115 (22.59) | 280 (21.69) | |
mGGN | 394 (77.41) | 1011 (78.31) | |
Size (mm) | |||
Average | 15.1 | 13.6 | < 0.001* |
Grouping by size | < 0.001* | ||
≤ 10 | 158 (31.04) | 521 (40.36) | |
10–20 | 243 (47.74) | 577 (44.69) | |
20–30 | 108 (21.22) | 193 (14.95) | |
Location | 0.040* | ||
Right superior lobe | 208 (40.86) | 501 (38.81) | |
Right middle lobe | 31 (6.09) | 81 (6.27) | |
Right inferior lobe | 65 (12.77) | 209 (16.19) | |
Left superior lobe | 155 (30.45) | 329 (25.48) | |
Left inferior lobe | 50 (9.82) | 171 (13.25) | |
Imaging sign | |||
Lobulation | 105 (20.63) | 254 (19.67) | 0.648 |
Vacuole | 89 (17.49) | 185 (14.33) | 0.093 |
Spiculation | 108 (21.22) | 225 (17.43) | 0.062 |
Calcification | 3 (0.59) | 6 (0.46) | 0.718 |
Air bronchogram | 17 (3.34) | 43 (3.33) | 0.992 |
Pleural indentation | 88 (17.29) | 212 (16.42) | 0.657 |
Vessel convergence | 17 (3.34) | 35 (2.71) | 0.473 |
Gene expression of risk groups
Top 10 genes | High risk (N = 115, % among the total cases) | Non-high-risk (N = 358, % among the total cases) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
EGFR | 72 (62.61) | 220 (61.45) | 0.824 |
TP53 | 29 (25.22) | 37 (10.34) | < 0.001* |
ROS1 | 11 (9.57) | 37 (10.34) | 0.812 |
ERBB2 | 6 (5.22) | 36 (10.06) | 0.113 |
KRAS | 15 (13.04) | 17 (4.75) | 0.002* |
ALK | 4 (3.48) | 9 (2.51) | 0.527 |
MET | 4 (3.48) | 8 (2.23) | 0.497 |
RET | 1 (0.87) | 13 (3.63) | 0.204 |
BRAF | 8 (6.96) | 17 (4.75) | 0.357 |
MAP2K1 | 3 (2.61) | 23 (6.42) | 0.158 |
Correlation between EGFR, TP53 and KRAS mutations and clinical characteristics
Correlation between EGFR–TP53 mutant combinations and the clinical, pathological and imaging features and risk grouping of patients
EGFR + /TP53 + N = 55 | EGFR + /TP53- N = 237 | EGFR-/TP53- N = 170 | EGFR-/TP53 + N = 11 | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | < 0.001* | ||||
57.42 ± 9.473 a | 54.34 ± 11.545 a | 51.06 ± 11.286 b | 58.36 ± 9.244 a | ||
Gender | < 0.001* | ||||
Male | 27 (49.09)a | 70 (29.54)b | 47 (27.65)b | 9 (81.82)a | |
Female | 28 (50.91)a | 167 (70.46)b | 123 (72.35)b | 2 (18.18)a | |
Smoking history | < 0.001* | ||||
Yes | 9 (16.36)a | 31 (13.08)a | 21 (12.35)a | 9 (81.82)b | |
No | 46 (83.64)a | 206 (86.92)a | 149 (87.65)a | 2 (18.18)b | |
Family history of lung cancer | 0.571 | ||||
Yes | 5 (9.09)a | 22 (9.28)a | 20 (11.76)a | 0 (0.00)a | |
No | 50 (90.91)a | 215 (90.72)a | 150 (88.23)a | 11 (100.00)a | |
Family history of other tumors | 0.644 | ||||
Yes | 7 (12.73)a | 26 (10.97)a | 17 (10.00)a | 0 (0.00)a | |
No | 48 (87.27)a | 211 (89.03)a | 153 (90.00)a | 11 (100.00)a | |
Nodule location | 0.109 | ||||
Right superior lobe | 22 (40.00)a,b | 84 (35.44)b | 63 (37.06)b | 9 (81.82)a | |
Right middle lobe | 3 (5.45)a | 14 (5.91)a | 8 (4.71)a | 0 (0.00)a | |
Right inferior lobe | 6 (10.91)a | 46 (19.41)a | 26 (15.29)a | 0 (0.00)a | |
Left superior lobe | 13 (23.64)a | 64 (27.00)a | 56 (32.94)a | 2 (18.18)a | |
Left inferior lobe | 11 (20.00)a | 29 (12.24)a | 17 (10.00)a | 0 (0.00)a | |
Imaging sign | |||||
Lobulation | 16 (29.09)a | 50 (21.10)a | 27 (15.88)a | 2 (18.18)a | 0.185 |
Vacuole | 9 (16.36)a | 37 (15.61)a | 29 (17.06)a | 1 (9.09)a | 0.905 |
Spiculation | 13 (23.64)a | 42 (17.72)a | 14 (8.24)b | 2 (18.18)a,b | 0.013* |
Calcification | 0 (0.00)a | 2 (0.84)a | 3 (1.76)a | 0 (0.00)a | 0.654 |
Air bronchogram | 1 (1.82)a | 7 (2.95)a | 4 (2.35)a | 0 (0.00)a | 0.899 |
Pleural indentation | 16 (29.09)a | 54 (22.78)a | 16 (9.41)b | 1 (9.09)a,b | 0.001* |
Vessel convergence | 2 (3.64)a | 9 (3.80)a | 6 (3.53)a | 0 (0.00)a | 0.509 |
Clinical stage | 0.020* | ||||
IA | 40 (72.73)a | 211 (89.03)b | 155 (91.18)b | 10 (90.91)a,b | |
IB | 13 (23.64)a | 24 (10.13)b | 14 (8.24)b | 1 (9.09)a,b | |
IIB | 2 (3.64)a | 2 (0.84)a | 1 (0.59)a | 0 (0.00)a | |
Pathological subtype c (n = 411) | < 0.001* | ||||
AAH + AIS | 0 (0.00)a | 6 (2.96)a | 10 (6.67)a | 0 (0.00)a | |
MIA | 7 (14.89)a | 63 (31.03)a | 84 (56.00)b | 2 (18.18)a,b | |
IAC | 40 (85.11)a | 134 (66.01)a | 56 (37.33)b | 9 (81.82)a | |
Risk grouping | 0.081 | ||||
High risk | 20 (36.36)a | 52 (21.94)a | 34 (20.00)a | 2 (18.18)a | |
Non-high risk | 35 (63.64)a | 185 (78.06)a | 136 (80.00)a | 9 (81.82)a |