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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

24. Störungen des Wachstums

verfasst von : Gerhard Binder, Joachim Wölfle

Erschienen in: Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Wachstum ist ein Prozess, der durch Zellvermehrung, Zellvergrößerung und kontrollierten Zelltod einen Zuwachs an messbarer Größe herbeiführt. Dieser Prozess ist kontrolliert, damit die erzielten Größen einen bestimmten vom Organismus als sinnvoll erachteten Rahmen nicht über- oder unterschreiten. Das menschliche Wachstum ist individuell verschieden und wird durch die genetische Ausstattung, durch Signalsysteme (die wesentlich vom Genotyp abhängen) sowie durch Ernährung und andere Umweltfaktoren kontrolliert. Die Zunahme an Körperhöhe ist kein linearer Prozess, es gibt verschiedene endogen getriggerte Phasen schnellen und langsamen Wachstums, die wiederum subtil moduliert werden durch andere Faktoren wie z. B. die Jahreszeit mit dem winterlichen Absinken der Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit. Während der Fokus der Wachstumsforschung in der Vergangenheit wesentlich auf dem Endokrinium lag, hat er sich in den letzten 10 Jahren mehr auf die Wachstumsfuge des Knochens verschoben. An diesem Ort ist die endokrinologische Kontrolle nur ein Teil des komplexen regulativen Apparates, der Knochenwachstum generiert. Gleichzeitig führten die Fortschritte in der genetischen Diagnostik zu einem besseren Verständnis von Wachstumsstörungen; so wurden u. a. bei proportioniertem Klein- und Hochwuchs genetische Veränderungen gefunden, die man bislang nur mit disproportionierten Wachstumsstörungen oder Skelettdysplasien in Verbindung gebracht hatte.
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Metadaten
Titel
Störungen des Wachstums
verfasst von
Gerhard Binder
Joachim Wölfle
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57309-9_23

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