Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Pain and Headache Reports 1/2012

01.02.2012 | Anesthetic Techniques in Pain Management (GJ Brenner, Section Editor)

Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Review

verfasst von: Aaron K. Compton, Binit Shah, Salim M. Hayek

Erschienen in: Current Pain and Headache Reports | Ausgabe 1/2012

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a safe and effective treatment of a variety of chronic pain conditions. As our understanding of the mechanisms of action and potential uses of SCS has evolved, clinical and technological advancements have followed. This review provides an overview of potential mechanisms of action of SCS, evidence for its effectiveness, potential complications, and highlights of developing areas of interest.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Shealy CN, Mortimer JT, Reswick JB. Electrical inhibition of pain by stimulation of the dorsal columns: preliminary clinical report. Anesth Analg. 1967;46:489–91.PubMed Shealy CN, Mortimer JT, Reswick JB. Electrical inhibition of pain by stimulation of the dorsal columns: preliminary clinical report. Anesth Analg. 1967;46:489–91.PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Linderoth B, Meyerson BA. Spinal cord stimulation: exploration of the physiological basis of a widely used therapy. Anesthesiology. 2010;113:1265–7.PubMedCrossRef Linderoth B, Meyerson BA. Spinal cord stimulation: exploration of the physiological basis of a widely used therapy. Anesthesiology. 2010;113:1265–7.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Schechtmann G, Song Z, Ultenius C, et al. Cholinergic mechanisms involved in the pain relieving effect of spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathy. Pain. 2008;139:136–45.PubMedCrossRef Schechtmann G, Song Z, Ultenius C, et al. Cholinergic mechanisms involved in the pain relieving effect of spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathy. Pain. 2008;139:136–45.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Song Z, Ultenius C, Meyerson BA, Linderoth B. Pain relief by spinal cord stimulation involves serotonergic mechanisms: an experimental study in a rat model of mononeuropathy. Pain. 2009;147:241–8.PubMedCrossRef Song Z, Ultenius C, Meyerson BA, Linderoth B. Pain relief by spinal cord stimulation involves serotonergic mechanisms: an experimental study in a rat model of mononeuropathy. Pain. 2009;147:241–8.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Song Z, Meyerson BA, Linderoth B. Spinal 5-HT receptors that contribute to the pain-relieving effects of spinal cord stimulation in a rat model of neuropathy. Pain. 2011;152:1666–73.PubMedCrossRef Song Z, Meyerson BA, Linderoth B. Spinal 5-HT receptors that contribute to the pain-relieving effects of spinal cord stimulation in a rat model of neuropathy. Pain. 2011;152:1666–73.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Buonocore M, Bonezzi C, Barolat G. Neurophysiological evidence of antidromic activation of large myelinated fibres in lower limbs during spinal cord stimulation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:E90–E93. Buonocore M, Bonezzi C, Barolat G. Neurophysiological evidence of antidromic activation of large myelinated fibres in lower limbs during spinal cord stimulation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:E90–E93.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Linderoth B, Foreman RD. Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation in painful syndromes: role of animal models. Pain Med. 2006;7:S14–26.CrossRef Linderoth B, Foreman RD. Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation in painful syndromes: role of animal models. Pain Med. 2006;7:S14–26.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Holsheimer J. Which neuronal elements are activated directly by spinal cord stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2002;5:25–31.PubMedCrossRef Holsheimer J. Which neuronal elements are activated directly by spinal cord stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2002;5:25–31.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Holsheimer J, Barolat G, Struijk JJ, He J. Significance of the spinal cord position in spinal cord stimulation. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1995;64:119–24.PubMed Holsheimer J, Barolat G, Struijk JJ, He J. Significance of the spinal cord position in spinal cord stimulation. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 1995;64:119–24.PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kemler MA, Barendse GA, van Kleef M, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:618–24.PubMedCrossRef Kemler MA, Barendse GA, van Kleef M, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:618–24.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kemler MA, De Vet HC, Barendse GA, et al. The effect of spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy: two years' follow-up of the randomized controlled trial. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:13–8.PubMedCrossRef Kemler MA, De Vet HC, Barendse GA, et al. The effect of spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy: two years' follow-up of the randomized controlled trial. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:13–8.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Kemler MA, De Vet HC, Barendse GA, et al. Effect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome Type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2008;108:292–8.PubMedCrossRef Kemler MA, De Vet HC, Barendse GA, et al. Effect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome Type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2008;108:292–8.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Forouzanfar T, Kemler MA, Weber WE, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome: cervical and lumbar devices are comparably effective. Br J Anaesth. 2004;92:348–53.PubMedCrossRef Forouzanfar T, Kemler MA, Weber WE, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome: cervical and lumbar devices are comparably effective. Br J Anaesth. 2004;92:348–53.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Harke H, Gretenkort P, Ladleif HU, Rahman S. Spinal cord stimulation in sympathetically maintained complex regional pain syndrome type I with severe disability. A prospective clinical study. Eur J Pain. 2005;9:363–73.PubMedCrossRef Harke H, Gretenkort P, Ladleif HU, Rahman S. Spinal cord stimulation in sympathetically maintained complex regional pain syndrome type I with severe disability. A prospective clinical study. Eur J Pain. 2005;9:363–73.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat North RB, Kidd DH, Farrokhi F, Piantadosi SA. Spinal cord stimulation versus repeated lumbosacral spine surgery for chronic pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2005;56:98–106.PubMed North RB, Kidd DH, Farrokhi F, Piantadosi SA. Spinal cord stimulation versus repeated lumbosacral spine surgery for chronic pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2005;56:98–106.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar K, Hunter G, Demeria D. Spinal cord stimulation in treatment of chronic benign pain: challenges in treatment planning and present status, a 22-year experience. Neurosurgery. 2006;58:481–96.PubMed Kumar K, Hunter G, Demeria D. Spinal cord stimulation in treatment of chronic benign pain: challenges in treatment planning and present status, a 22-year experience. Neurosurgery. 2006;58:481–96.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar K, Taylor RS, Jacques L, et al. Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndrome. Pain. 2007;132:179–88.PubMedCrossRef Kumar K, Taylor RS, Jacques L, et al. Spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management for neuropathic pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial in patients with failed back surgery syndrome. Pain. 2007;132:179–88.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat North RB, Kidd D, Shipley J, Taylor RS. Spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: a cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis based on a randomized, controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2007;61:361–8.PubMedCrossRef North RB, Kidd D, Shipley J, Taylor RS. Spinal cord stimulation versus reoperation for failed back surgery syndrome: a cost effectiveness and cost utility analysis based on a randomized, controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2007;61:361–8.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Simpson EL, Duenas A, Holmes MW, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain of neuropathic or ischaemic origin: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Tech Assess. 2009;13(17):iii, ix–x, 1–154. Simpson EL, Duenas A, Holmes MW, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain of neuropathic or ischaemic origin: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Tech Assess. 2009;13(17):iii, ix–x, 1–154.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Kemler MA, Raphael JH, Bentley A, et al. The cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome. Value Health 2010;13:735–742. The cost-analysis performed in this article reveals that SCS for CRPS is cost-effective versus CMM alone. PubMedCrossRef •• Kemler MA, Raphael JH, Bentley A, et al. The cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome. Value Health 2010;13:735–742. The cost-analysis performed in this article reveals that SCS for CRPS is cost-effective versus CMM alone. PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Taylor RS, Ryan J, O'Donnell R, et al. The cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome. Clin J Pain 2010;26:463–469. This article concludes that SCS is cost-effective for FBSS, both as an adjunct to CMM and as compared to reoperation. PubMedCrossRef •• Taylor RS, Ryan J, O'Donnell R, et al. The cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome. Clin J Pain 2010;26:463–469. This article concludes that SCS is cost-effective for FBSS, both as an adjunct to CMM and as compared to reoperation. PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hollingworth W, Turner JA, Welton NJ, et al. Costs and cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for failed back surgery syndrome: an observational study in a workers' compensation population [published online ahead of print July 5 2011]. Spine(Phila Pa 1976);2011. Hollingworth W, Turner JA, Welton NJ, et al. Costs and cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for failed back surgery syndrome: an observational study in a workers' compensation population [published online ahead of print July 5 2011]. Spine(Phila Pa 1976);2011.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat North R, Shipley J, Prager J, et al. Practice parameters for the use of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Pain Med. 2007;8:S200–75.PubMedCrossRef North R, Shipley J, Prager J, et al. Practice parameters for the use of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Pain Med. 2007;8:S200–75.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Turner JA, Loeser JD, Deyo RA, Sanders SB. Spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome or complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications. Pain. 2004;108:137–47.PubMedCrossRef Turner JA, Loeser JD, Deyo RA, Sanders SB. Spinal cord stimulation for patients with failed back surgery syndrome or complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications. Pain. 2004;108:137–47.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Cameron T. Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:254–67.PubMed Cameron T. Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:254–67.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenow JM, Stanton-Hicks M, Rezai AR, Henderson JM. Failure modes of spinal cord stimulation hardware. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006;5:183–90.PubMedCrossRef Rosenow JM, Stanton-Hicks M, Rezai AR, Henderson JM. Failure modes of spinal cord stimulation hardware. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006;5:183–90.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Rathmell JP, Lake T, Ramundo MB. Infectious risks of chronic pain treatments: injection therapy, surgical implants, and intradiscal techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006;31:346–52.PubMed Rathmell JP, Lake T, Ramundo MB. Infectious risks of chronic pain treatments: injection therapy, surgical implants, and intradiscal techniques. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006;31:346–52.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Padubidri AN, Yetman R, Browne E, et al. Complications of postmastectomy breast reconstruction in smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;107:350–1.PubMedCrossRef Padubidri AN, Yetman R, Browne E, et al. Complications of postmastectomy breast reconstruction in smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;107:350–1.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Golden SH, Peart-Vigilance C, Kao WH, Brancati FL. Perioperative glycemic control and the risk of infectious complications in a cohort of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1408–14.PubMedCrossRef Golden SH, Peart-Vigilance C, Kao WH, Brancati FL. Perioperative glycemic control and the risk of infectious complications in a cohort of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1408–14.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Wick EC, Hirose K, Shore AD, et al. Surgical site infections and cost in obese patients undergoing colorectal surgery [published online ahead of print May 16 2011]. Arch Surg 2011. Wick EC, Hirose K, Shore AD, et al. Surgical site infections and cost in obese patients undergoing colorectal surgery [published online ahead of print May 16 2011]. Arch Surg 2011.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee JS, Terjimanian MN, Tishberg LM, et al. Surgical site infection and analytic morphometric assessment of body composition in patients undergoing midline laparotomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;213:236–44.PubMedCrossRef Lee JS, Terjimanian MN, Tishberg LM, et al. Surgical site infection and analytic morphometric assessment of body composition in patients undergoing midline laparotomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;213:236–44.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat De Oliveira JC, Martinelli M, Nishioka SA, et al. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis before the implantation of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators: results of a large, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2:29–34.PubMedCrossRef De Oliveira JC, Martinelli M, Nishioka SA, et al. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis before the implantation of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators: results of a large, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2:29–34.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Da Costa A, Kirkorian G, Cucherat M, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for permanent pacemaker implantation: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 1998;97:1796–801.PubMed Da Costa A, Kirkorian G, Cucherat M, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for permanent pacemaker implantation: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 1998;97:1796–801.PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Gyssens IC. Preventing postoperative infections: current treatment recommendations. Drugs. 1999;57:175–85.PubMedCrossRef Gyssens IC. Preventing postoperative infections: current treatment recommendations. Drugs. 1999;57:175–85.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Rabih O, Darouiche MD, Matthew J, et al. Chlorhexidine–alcohol versus povidone–iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:18–26.CrossRef Rabih O, Darouiche MD, Matthew J, et al. Chlorhexidine–alcohol versus povidone–iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:18–26.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat • Deer T. Complications of spinal cord stimulation: identification, treatment, and prevention. Pain Med. 2008;9: S93–S101. This article provides a good review of SCS complications and their management. CrossRef • Deer T. Complications of spinal cord stimulation: identification, treatment, and prevention. Pain Med. 2008;9: S93–S101. This article provides a good review of SCS complications and their management. CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar K, Buchser E, Linderoth B, et al. Avoiding complications from spinal cord stimulation: practical recommendations from an international panel of experts. Neuromodulation. 2007;10:24–33.PubMedCrossRef Kumar K, Buchser E, Linderoth B, et al. Avoiding complications from spinal cord stimulation: practical recommendations from an international panel of experts. Neuromodulation. 2007;10:24–33.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Henderson JM, Schade CM, Sasaki J, et al. Prevention of mechanical failures in implanted spinal cord stimulation systems. Neuromodulation. 2006;9:183–91.PubMedCrossRef Henderson JM, Schade CM, Sasaki J, et al. Prevention of mechanical failures in implanted spinal cord stimulation systems. Neuromodulation. 2006;9:183–91.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar K, Wilson JR, Taylor RS, Gupta S. Complications of spinal cord stimulation, suggestions to improve outcome, and financial impact. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006;5:191–203.PubMedCrossRef Kumar K, Wilson JR, Taylor RS, Gupta S. Complications of spinal cord stimulation, suggestions to improve outcome, and financial impact. J Neurosurg Spine. 2006;5:191–203.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayek SM, Hefzy MS. Single incision spinal cord stimulator implant. International Neuromodulation Society Meeting Abstracts, 2011. Hayek SM, Hefzy MS. Single incision spinal cord stimulator implant. International Neuromodulation Society Meeting Abstracts, 2011.
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer SC, Swartz K, Johnson JP. Quadriparesis and spinal cord stimulation: case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:E565–8.CrossRef Meyer SC, Swartz K, Johnson JP. Quadriparesis and spinal cord stimulation: case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:E565–8.CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Sundaraj SR, Johnstone C, Noore F, et al. Spinal cord stimulation: a seven-year audit. J Clin Neurosci. 2005;12:264–70.PubMedCrossRef Sundaraj SR, Johnstone C, Noore F, et al. Spinal cord stimulation: a seven-year audit. J Clin Neurosci. 2005;12:264–70.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Buyten JP, Van Zundert J, Vueghs P, Vanduffel L. Efficacy of spinal cord stimulation: 10 years of experience in a pain centre in Belgium. Eur J Pain. 2001;5:299–307.PubMedCrossRef Van Buyten JP, Van Zundert J, Vueghs P, Vanduffel L. Efficacy of spinal cord stimulation: 10 years of experience in a pain centre in Belgium. Eur J Pain. 2001;5:299–307.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar K, Wilson JR. Factors affecting spinal cord stimulation outcome in chronic benign pain with suggestions to improve success rate. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2007;97:91–9.PubMedCrossRef Kumar K, Wilson JR. Factors affecting spinal cord stimulation outcome in chronic benign pain with suggestions to improve success rate. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2007;97:91–9.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hale LA, Pal J, Becker I. Measuring free-living physical activity in adults with and without neurologic dysfunction with a triaxial accelerometer. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:1765–71.PubMedCrossRef Hale LA, Pal J, Becker I. Measuring free-living physical activity in adults with and without neurologic dysfunction with a triaxial accelerometer. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:1765–71.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat • De Ridder D, Vanneste S, Plazier M, et al. Burst spinal cord stimulation: toward paresthesia-free pain suppression. Neurosurgery 2010;66:986–990. This article illustrates an effective stimulation method without the mandatory paresthesia traditionally required. PubMedCrossRef • De Ridder D, Vanneste S, Plazier M, et al. Burst spinal cord stimulation: toward paresthesia-free pain suppression. Neurosurgery 2010;66:986–990. This article illustrates an effective stimulation method without the mandatory paresthesia traditionally required. PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Krames E, Mousad D. Spinal cord stimulation reverses pain and diarrheal episodes of irritable bowel syndrome: a case report. Neuromodulation. 2004;7:82–8.PubMedCrossRef Krames E, Mousad D. Spinal cord stimulation reverses pain and diarrheal episodes of irritable bowel syndrome: a case report. Neuromodulation. 2004;7:82–8.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Tedesco A, D’Addato M. Spinal cord stimulation for patients with critical limb ischemia: immediate and long-term clinical outcome from the prospective Italian register. Neuromodulation. 2004;7:97–102.PubMedCrossRef Tedesco A, D’Addato M. Spinal cord stimulation for patients with critical limb ischemia: immediate and long-term clinical outcome from the prospective Italian register. Neuromodulation. 2004;7:97–102.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Eddicks S, Maier-Hauff K, Schenk M, et al. Thoracic spinal cord stimulation improves functional status and relieves symptoms in patients with refractory angina pectoris: the first placebo-controlled randomised study. Heart. 2007;93:585–90.PubMedCrossRef Eddicks S, Maier-Hauff K, Schenk M, et al. Thoracic spinal cord stimulation improves functional status and relieves symptoms in patients with refractory angina pectoris: the first placebo-controlled randomised study. Heart. 2007;93:585–90.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Lanza GA, Grimaldi R, Greco S, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a multicenter randomized single-blind study (the SCS-ITA trial). Pain. 2011;152:45–52.PubMedCrossRef Lanza GA, Grimaldi R, Greco S, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of refractory angina pectoris: a multicenter randomized single-blind study (the SCS-ITA trial). Pain. 2011;152:45–52.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapural L, Hayek SM, Stanton-Hicks M, Mekhail N. Decreased insulin requirements with spinal cord stimulation in a patient with diabetes. Anesth Analg. 2004;98:745–6.PubMedCrossRef Kapural L, Hayek SM, Stanton-Hicks M, Mekhail N. Decreased insulin requirements with spinal cord stimulation in a patient with diabetes. Anesth Analg. 2004;98:745–6.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Buonocore M, Demartini L, Bonezzi C. Lumbar spinal cord stimulation can improve muscle strength and gait independently of analgesic effect: a case report. Neuromodulation. 2006;9:309–13.PubMedCrossRef Buonocore M, Demartini L, Bonezzi C. Lumbar spinal cord stimulation can improve muscle strength and gait independently of analgesic effect: a case report. Neuromodulation. 2006;9:309–13.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat • Harkema S, Gerasimenko Y, Hodes J, et al. Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study. Lancet 2011;377:1938–1947. This remarkable case study reveals the use of SCS to partially reverse paralysis. PubMedCrossRef • Harkema S, Gerasimenko Y, Hodes J, et al. Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study. Lancet 2011;377:1938–1947. This remarkable case study reveals the use of SCS to partially reverse paralysis. PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapural L, Nagen H, Tlucek H, Sessler DI. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic visceral abdominal pain. Pain Med. 2010;11:347–55.PubMedCrossRef Kapural L, Nagen H, Tlucek H, Sessler DI. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic visceral abdominal pain. Pain Med. 2010;11:347–55.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapural L, Cywinski JB, Sparks DA. Spinal cord stimulation for visceral pain from chronic pancreatitis [published online ahead of print August 19, 2011]. Neuromodulation 2011. Kapural L, Cywinski JB, Sparks DA. Spinal cord stimulation for visceral pain from chronic pancreatitis [published online ahead of print August 19, 2011]. Neuromodulation 2011.
Metadaten
Titel
Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Review
verfasst von
Aaron K. Compton
Binit Shah
Salim M. Hayek
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2012
Verlag
Current Science Inc.
Erschienen in
Current Pain and Headache Reports / Ausgabe 1/2012
Print ISSN: 1531-3433
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-3081
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-011-0238-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2012

Current Pain and Headache Reports 1/2012 Zur Ausgabe

Chronic Daily Headache (SJ Wang, Section Editor)

Chronic Daily Headache in Children and Adolescents

Anesthetic Techniques in Pain Management (GJ Brenner, Section editor)

Contemporary Insights into Painful Diabetic Neuropathy and Treatment with Spinal Cord Stimulation

Anesthetic Techniques in Pain Management (GJ Brenner, Section Editor)

Radiofrequency Treatment of Facet-related Pain: Evidence and Controversies

Anesthetic Techniques in Pain Management (GJ Brenner, Section Editor)

Epidural Steroid Injections

Anesthetic Techniques in Pain Management (GJ Brenner, Section Editor)

Diagnostic Discography: What is the Clinical Utility?

Blutdrucksenkung schon im Rettungswagen bei akutem Schlaganfall?

31.05.2024 Apoplex Nachrichten

Der optimale Ansatz für die Blutdruckkontrolle bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit akutem Schlaganfall ist noch nicht gefunden. Ob sich eine frühzeitige Therapie der Hypertonie noch während des Transports in die Klinik lohnt, hat jetzt eine Studie aus China untersucht.

Ähnliche Überlebensraten nach Reanimation während des Transports bzw. vor Ort

29.05.2024 Reanimation im Kindesalter Nachrichten

Laut einer Studie aus den USA und Kanada scheint es bei der Reanimation von Kindern außerhalb einer Klinik keinen Unterschied für das Überleben zu machen, ob die Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen während des Transports in die Klinik stattfinden oder vor Ort ausgeführt werden. Jedoch gibt es dabei einige Einschränkungen und eine wichtige Ausnahme.

Nicht Creutzfeldt Jakob, sondern Abführtee-Vergiftung

29.05.2024 Hyponatriämie Nachrichten

Eine ältere Frau trinkt regelmäßig Sennesblättertee gegen ihre Verstopfung. Der scheint plötzlich gut zu wirken. Auf Durchfall und Erbrechen folgt allerdings eine Hyponatriämie. Nach deren Korrektur kommt es plötzlich zu progredienten Kognitions- und Verhaltensstörungen.

Häusliche Gewalt in der orthopädischen Notaufnahme oft nicht erkannt

28.05.2024 Häusliche Gewalt Nachrichten

In der Notaufnahme wird die Chance, Opfer von häuslicher Gewalt zu identifizieren, von Orthopäden und Orthopädinnen offenbar zu wenig genutzt. Darauf deuten die Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie an der Sahlgrenska-Universität in Schweden hin.

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.