Background
Insomnia duration and chronicity
Insomnia and mental health
Recognition and severity of sleep impairment and help-seeking behavior
Methods
Procedure
Measurements
Family registration form
Categories for self-help strategies | 1. changes in daily rituals |
2. changes in bedtime ritual | |
3. changes of bedtime | |
4. sleep hygiene improved (e.g., less light in child’s room, no TV before bedtime) | |
5. sleep hygiene declined (e.g., more light in child’s room, music during the whole night in child’s room) | |
6. changes in sleeping place (e.g., changes inside child’s room, together with siblings or without siblings) | |
7. internet (forums, etc.) | |
8. literature/books | |
9. naturopathic drugs (e.g., homeopathic globules) | |
10. introduced relaxation techniques | |
11. implemented reward or token system | |
12. changes in parenting behavior (e.g., implement penalties, show more strict behavior, lying down in child’s bed, being in child’s room when child is falling asleep, get child in parental bed) | |
13. get help/advice from other parents/relatives/etc. | |
14. other help (e.g., role play with child, change of diet, reduced sugar intake) | |
Categories for professional help | 1. pediatrician |
2. general practitioner | |
3. psychiatrist | |
4. psychologist | |
5. child and adolescent psychotherapist | |
6. social pediatric center | |
7. counselling center | |
8. occupational therapy | |
9. other assistance (osteopathy/homeopathy/kinesiology/nonmedical practitioner/parenting courses) |
Diagnostic interview for sleep disturbances
Sample
Analyses
Results
Insomnia duration and severity
Min | Max | Mean | SD | % lifetime | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (N = 175) | 3 | 130 | 53.95 | 35.14 | 57.64 | 35.10 |
Age groups | ||||||
4/5 years (n = 29) | 5 | 70 | 42.33 | 20.98 | 64.75 | 31.69 |
6 years (n = 25) | 4 | 82 | 51.80 | 26.93 | 66.92 | 34.19 |
7 years (n = 27) | 3 | 90 | 58.85 | 27.25 | 66.18 | 30.98 |
8 years (n = 34) | 4 | 102 | 49.62 | 31.03 | 49.39 | 31.34 |
9 years (n = 28) | 5 | 115 | 67.29 | 43.44 | 59.62 | 38.59 |
10/11 years (n = 32) | 3 | 130 | 54.97 | 48.46 | 43.77 | 38.69 |
I‑NOMD (n = 112) | 3 | 130 | 52.88 | 34.36 | 57.92 | 35.43 |
I‑MD (n = 63) | 3 | 123 | 55.86 | 36.69 | 57.13 | 34.76 |
Min | Max | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
All (N = 147) | 4 | 10 | 7.99 | 1.49 |
Age groups | ||||
4/5 years (n = 24) | 5 | 10 | 7.71 | 1.55 |
6 years (n = 19) | 5 | 10 | 7.79 | 1.69 |
7 years (n = 22) | 6 | 10 | 8.14 | 1.25 |
8 years (n = 30) | 4 | 10 | 8.27 | 1.41 |
9 years (n = 23) | 4 | 10 | 7.91 | 1.76 |
10/11 years (n = 29) | 4 | 10 | 8.00 | 1.39 |
I‑NOMD (n = 93) | 4 | 10 | 7.94 | 1.46 |
I‑MD (n = 54) | 4 | 10 | 8.07 | 1.55 |