Background
Methods
Study population
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Variables | Total population | Survivors (n = 407) | Non-survivors (n = 50) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 62.86 ± 16.22 | 62.11 ± 16.19 | 68.94 ± 15.27 | 0.005 |
Sex, n (%) male/female | 280 (61.3)/177 (38.7) | 253 (62.2)/154 (37.8) | 27 (54.0)/23 (46.0) | 0.264 |
Body weight, kg | 58.36 ± 11.58 | 58.38 ± 11.32 | 58.23 ± 13.69 | 0.931 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.90 ± 3.64 | 21.83 ± 3.54 | 22.47 ± 4.42 | 0.243 |
ASA score, n (%) | 0.007 | |||
1 | 131 (28.7) | 120 (29.5) | 11 (22.0) | |
2 | 124 (27.1) | 114 (28.0) | 10 (20.0) | |
3 | 153 (33.5) | 137 (33.7) | 16 (32.0) | |
4 | 45 (9.8) | 34 (8.4) | 11 (22.0) | |
5 | 4 (0.9) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (4.0) | |
APACHE II score | 21.23 ± 8.50 | 20.11 ± 7.86 | 28.26 ± 9.08 | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 172 (37.6) | 145 (35.6) | 27 (54.0) | 0.011 |
Diabetes | 65 (14.2) | 59 (14.5) | 6 (12.0) | 0.633 |
CRF | 39 (8.5) | 36 (8.8) | 3 (6.0) | 0.787 |
Malignancy | 212 (46.4) | 183 (45.0) | 29 (58.0) | 0.081 |
Diagnosis, n (%) | 0.632 | |||
Perforation | 382 (83.6) | 338 (83.0) | 44 (88.0) | |
Strangulation | 58 (12.7) | 54 (13.3) | 4 (8.0) | |
Ischemia | 17 (3.7) | 15 (3.7) | 2 (4.0) | |
Site, n (%) | 0.789 | |||
Stomach | 111 (24.3) | 100 (24.6) | 11 (22.0) | |
Small bowel | 163 (35.7) | 143 (35.1) | 20 (40.0) | |
Colorectal | 183 (40.0) | 164 (40.3) | 19 (38.0) | |
Laparoscopy/open, n (%) | 71 (15.5)/386 (84.5) | 69 (17.0)/338 (83.0) | 2 (4.0)/48 (96.0) | 0.013 |
Components of qSOFA, lactate level, and full SOFA score
Variable | Total population | Survivors (n = 407) | Non-survivors (n = 50) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
SBP ≤ 100, n (%) | 180 (39.4) | 144 (35.4) | 36 (72.0) | < 0.001 |
RR ≥ 22, n (%) | 122 (26.7) | 98 (24.1) | 24 (48.0) | < 0.001 |
AMS, n (%) | 15 (3.3) | 11 (2.7) | 4 (8.0) | 0.070 |
Lactate, mmol/L | 1.7 [1.0–3.1] | 1.6 [0.9–2.8] | 3.3 [1.775–4.875] | < 0.001 |
Lactate ≥ 2.0 mmol/L, n (%) | 200 (43.8) | 164 (40.3) | 36 (72.0) | < 0.001 |
qSOFA, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
0 | 234 (51.2) | 223 (54.8) | 11 (22.0) | |
1 | 145 (31.7) | 129 (31.7) | 16 (32.0) | |
2 | 71 (15.5) | 51 (12.5) | 20 (40.0) | |
3 | 7 (1.5) | 4 (1.0) | 3 (6.0) | |
qSOFA + lactate score, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
0 | 163 (35.7) | 158 (38.8) | 5 (10.0) | |
1 | 147 (32.2) | 138 (33.9) | 9 (18.0) | |
2 | 86 (18.8) | 68 (16.7) | 18 (36.0) | |
3 | 54 (11.8) | 39 (9.6) | 15 (30.0) | |
4 | 7 (1.5) | 4 (1.0) | 3 (6.0) | |
Full SOFA | 1 [0–4] | 1 [0–3] | 5 [3–8.25] | < 0.001 |
Predictive performance of qSOFA alone
Variable | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUROC |
---|---|---|---|
Lactate, % | 72 (58–83) | 60 (55–64) | 0.659 (0.581–0.736) |
SIRS, % | 98 (89–100) | 23 (19–27) | 0.672 (0.599–0.745) |
qSOFA, % | 46 (32–60) | 86 (83–90) | 0.717 (0.673–0.758) |
qSOFA + lactate, % | 72 (60–85) | 73 (68–77) | 0.754 (0.712–0.793) |
Full SOFA, % | 82 (71–93) | 56 (51–61) | 0.795 (0.755–0.831) |