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Role and added value of contrast enhanced ultrasound of the painful scrotum in the emergency setting

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Abstract

Emergency imaging of the scrotum is part of routine medical practice. Indications include epididymitis/epididymo-orchitis, testicular torsion, trauma, tumors and infarction. Prompt diagnosis and management are needed to ensure optimal patient outcome. Ultrasound (US) is the initial, and often the only, imaging modality for testicular pathologies. Usually, B-mode and color Doppler US are adequate. In challenging cases, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) facilitates final diagnosis or increases the examiner’s confidence by confirming findings on non-enhanced US. This paper elaborates on the examination technique of CEUS for testicular pathologies, thereby showing its added value over baseline US techniques in the emergency setting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, 5 Dorylaiou, 11521, Athens, Greece

    Demosthenes D. Cokkinos, Christina Sierrou, Terpsichori Fragkouli, Sofia Tsolaki & Ioannis Kalogeropoulos

  2. Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Sasan Partovi

  3. Department of Radiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Vasileios Rafailidis

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  1. Demosthenes D. Cokkinos
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DDC had the idea for the article. DDC, SP, VR, CS, TF and ST performed the literature search and data analysis. IK revised the work.

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Correspondence to Demosthenes D. Cokkinos.

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Cokkinos, D.D., Partovi, S., Rafailidis, V. et al. Role and added value of contrast enhanced ultrasound of the painful scrotum in the emergency setting. J Ultrasound 26, 563–575 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-022-00764-2

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