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Erschienen in: Der Kardiologe 1/2013

01.02.2013 | Positionspapier

Positionspapier zur Bedeutung psychosozialer Faktoren in der Kardiologie

Update 2013

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. K.-H. Ladwig, F. Lederbogen, C. Albus, C. Angermann, M. Borggrefe, D. Fischer, K. Fritzsche, M. Haass, J. Jordan, J. Jünger, I. Kindermann, V. Köllner, B. Kuhn, M. Scherer, M. Seyfarth, H. Völler, C. Waller, C. Herrmann-Lingen

Erschienen in: Die Kardiologie | Ausgabe 1/2013

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die rasche Weiterentwicklung der psychokardiologischen Forschung, aber auch die wachsende Verankerung psychosozialer Fragestellungen im klinischen Alltag haben die Klinische Kommission der DGK bewogen, einer Aktualisierung und Weiterentwicklung des 2008 erstmals publizierten Positionspapiers zur Bedeutung psychosozialer Faktoren in der Kardiologie zuzustimmen.

Methoden

Der Kreis der Autoren wurde vergrößert, allgemeine Aspekte eingefügt und das Wissen in allen Abschnitten auf den heutigen Stand gebracht. Schwerpunkte der Empfehlungen sind die koronare Herzerkrankung, Herzrhythmusstörungen und die Herzinsuffizienz, da hier der Stand der empirischen Evidenz und des klinisches Wisses zu psychosozialen Fragestellungen am weitesten entwickelt ist. Berücksichtigt wurden bei den Empfehlungen Besonderheiten von Frauen und Männern, Unterschiede bzgl. der Lebensspanne, Einflüsse auf die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit und die interaktive synergistische Bedeutung klassischer Risikofaktoren bei affektiver Komorbidität.

Ergebnisse

Eine I-A-Empfehlung (Empfehlungsgrad I, Evidenzgrad A) wurde vergeben für die Aufforderung, psychosoziale Risikofaktoren bei der Einschätzung des KHK-Risikos zu berücksichtigen, die als unabhängige ätiologische und prognostische Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten der koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) und für Komplikationen im Behandlungsverlauf der KHK bedeutsam sind. Ferner für die Empfehlung, Patienten mit Herzoperationen von einem interdisziplinären Team zu betreuten, in dem die Möglichkeit besteht, auf psychosoziale Aspekte einzugehen, da bei diesen Patienten komorbide psychische Störungen wie Depressivität, Angst und posttraumatische Belastungsstörung häufig und prognostisch ungünstig sind. Eine I-B-Empfehlung wurde vergeben für die Behandlung psychosozialer Risikofaktoren mit dem Ziel einer Primärprävention der KHK, wenn das Risikomerkmal an sich Krankheitswert hat (z. B. Depression) oder die Behandlung klassischer Risikofaktoren erschwert ist. Eine antidepressive Pharmakotherapie soll Patienten nach akutem Koronarsyndrom sowie in der Phase der chronischen KHK angeboten werden, die an einer mindestens mittelschweren rezidivierenden depressiven Störung leiden. Dabei sollen vorzugsweise Substanzen aus der Gruppe der selektiven Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI) zum Einsatz kommen. Bei der langfristigen ärztlichen Begleitung von ICD-Patienten sollen die psychosozialen Folgen der ICD-Technologie beachtet und insbesondere relevante Affektstörungen sowie Krisen bei ICD-Patienten erkannt und fachgerecht behandelt werden.

Schlussfolgerungen

Das Positionspapier formuliert konkrete Anwendungsfelder mit hoher Priorität für die Einbeziehung psychosozialer Faktoren in die kardiologische Praxis, die eine leitlinienkonforme Evidenz aufweisen. Trotz deutlicher Fortschritte seit der Erstveröffentlichung des Positionspapiers existieren weiterhin Forschungsdefizite für die Bewertung der Wirksamkeit psychotherapeutischer und psychopharmakologischer Konzepte bei kardialen Patienten. Curricula für die Vermittlung von (psycho-)diagnostischer, kommunikativer und differenzialdiagnostischer Kompetenz müssen rasch entwickelt werden, um eine Transmission des aktuellen Wissensstands in die Alltagspraxis zu ermöglichen.
Fußnoten
1
Im Folgenden wird bei Substantiven ausschließlich die männliche Form verwendet. Weibliche Mitglieder der jeweiligen Personengruppe sind ausdrücklich mitgemeint.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Positionspapier zur Bedeutung psychosozialer Faktoren in der Kardiologie
Update 2013
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. K.-H. Ladwig
F. Lederbogen
C. Albus
C. Angermann
M. Borggrefe
D. Fischer
K. Fritzsche
M. Haass
J. Jordan
J. Jünger
I. Kindermann
V. Köllner
B. Kuhn
M. Scherer
M. Seyfarth
H. Völler
C. Waller
C. Herrmann-Lingen
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2013
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Kardiologie / Ausgabe 1/2013
Print ISSN: 2731-7129
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7137
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-012-0478-8

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