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Uveitis and neurologic diseases: an often overlooked relationship

Uveitis und neurologische Erkrankungen: eine oft unbeachtete Beziehung

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Zusammenfassung

ZIEL: Auge und Gehirn haben embryologisch gemeinsame Wurzeln und unterliegen einem Immunprivileg, um die Organintegrität und damit die Funktionalität bestmöglich zu schützen. Dass eine Reihe immunsystem-mediierter Erkrankungen an beiden Organen manifest werden kann erscheint plausibel, dennoch wird während der Abklärung der Patienten selten daran gedacht. Ziel dieser Studie war es, auf die Ko-Manifestation entzündlicher Erkrankungen des Auges und Gehirns aufmerksam zu machen und das Vorkommen dieser neurologischen Erkrankungen bei Uveitispatienten zu erheben. PATIENTEN UND METHODIK: Es wurde eine Datenbank von Patienten analysiert, die zwischen 2000 und 2004 an der Uveitisambulanz des AKH (Medizinische Universität Wien) vorstellig geworden waren. Patienten mit neurologischen Manifestationen im Rahmen immunsystem-mediierter Erkrankungen wurden ausgewählt. ERGEBNISSE: Von insgesamt 1973 Patienten wiesen 52 (2,6 %) neurologische Erkrankungen auf, die mit der Uveitis ursächlich in Zusammenhang gebracht werden konnten. Die häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen waren Multiple Sklerose, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrom, Neurobehcet, ZNS-Lymphom, Neurosyphilis und Neurosarkoidose. Seltener wurde eine Uveitis im Rahmen von infektiöser Meningoenzephalitis (Neuroborreliose, Mumps, Masern), Takayasu-Arteriitis, Guillain-Barre-Syndrom und orbitalem Pseudotumor beobachtet. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Bestimmte immun-mediierte Erkrankungen können sowohl als intraokuläre Inflammationen (Uveitis) als auch als Entzündungen im Zentralnervensystem manifestieren. Aus augenärztlicher Sicht sollte daher beim Vorliegen bestimmter Augenbefunde eine gezielte neurologische Abklärung initiiert werden. Aber auch Neurologen sollten bei Diagnosestellung entzündlicher neurologischer Erkrankungen eine Abklärung über den Ophthalmologen veranlassen. Die oft typischen Augenveränderungen können dabei hilfreiche Hinweise liefern.

Summary

AIM: Eye and brain are linked by development, and immune privileges preserve the integrity of these delicate organs thereby preventing irreversible defects in function. Manifestation of inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases in both systems seems perspicuous, yet during check-up of patients with uveitis they are rarely considered. In this study we aimed to determine the frequency of neurologic diseases in our uveitis patients and to describe the characteristics of ophthalmologic findings. METHODS: We analyzed the database of 1973 consecutive patients seen between 2000 and 2004 at the uveitis clinic at the hospital of the Medical University of Vienna. All cases of uveitis associated with neurologic co-manifestations of immune-mediated diseases were selected. RESULTS: Of 1973 patients with uveitis, 52 (2.6 %) had neurologic diseases that were considered to be related to the eye inflammation. The most frequent entities were multiple sclerosis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease, neurobehcet, central nervous system lymphoma, neurosyphilis and neurosarcoidosis. Uveitis was only rarely seen with infectious meningoencephalitis (neuroborreliosis, mumps, measles), Takayasu arteritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome or orbital pseudotumor. CONCLUSIONS: Several diseases can cause both ocular and/or central nervous system inflammation. This should prompt ophthalmologists and neurologists in the presence of one to rule out the other. In uveitis patients without evident neurological symptoms, specific ocular pathologies can help the treating ophthalmologist to tailor the work-up, whereas neurologists should always screen their patients, even when they are asymptomatic for ocular disease. Early diagnosis in both cases can help to initiate adequate treatment, thereby modulating the course of the disease and preventing complications.

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Correspondence to Talin Barisani-Asenbauer.

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Maca, S., Scharitzer, M. & Barisani-Asenbauer, T. Uveitis and neurologic diseases: an often overlooked relationship. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118, 273–279 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0601-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0601-6

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