Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pediatric cystic diseases of the kidney

  • Pictorial Essay
  • Published:
Journal of Ultrasound Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pediatric renal cystic diseases include a variety of hereditary or non-hereditary conditions. Numerous classifications exist and new data are continuously published. Ultrasound is the primary technique for evaluating kidneys in children: conventional and high-resolution US allows a detailed visualization of renal parenchyma and of number, size and location of the cysts, hence representing the most important diagnostic imaging technique for the first diagnosis and follow-up of these young patients. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the spectrum of renal cystic lesions in children from simple, complex or malignant single cysts to the several poly/multicystic kidney diseases.

Sommario

La patologia cistica renale in età pediatrica è costituita da svariate condizioni ereditarie e non. La letteratura propone diverse classificazioni, in continua evoluzione. L’ecografia rappresenta la prima metodica per la valutazione del rene nel neonato e nel bambino: l’esame con metodica tradizionale e con sonde ad alta risoluzione consente uno studio dettagliato del parenchima renale e delle cisti per numero, dimensioni e localizzazione. L’ecografia è pertanto il cardine nell’iter diagnostico e nel follow-up di questi piccoli pazienti. Obiettivo di questo lavoro è rivedere le peculiarità delle lesioni cistiche renali in età pediatrica: dalla cisti singola, semplice o complessa, allo spettro delle patologie multi/policistiche.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Riccabona M, Ring E, Avni F (2018) Imaging in renal agenesis, dysplasia, hypoplasia, and cystic diseases of the kidney. In: Riccabona M (ed) Pediatric urogenital radiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 553–577

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Gupta I, Bitzan M (2104) Cystic renal disease. In: Manual of pediatric nephrology. Springer, Berlin, pp 249–262

  3. Paliwalla M, Park K (2014) A practical guide to urinary tract ultrasound in a child: pearls and pitfalls. Ultrasound 22:213–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Chung E, Conran R, Schroder JW, Rohena-Quinquilla I, Rooks V (2014) Pediatric polycystic kidney disease and other ciliopathies: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 34:155–178

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. MacRae K, Chisthi A (2014) Cystic renal disease. In: Chisti AS et al (eds) Kidney and urinary tract disease in the newborn. Springer, Berlin, pp 263–274

    Google Scholar 

  6. Karmazyn B, Tawadros A, Delaney L, Marine M, Cain M, Rink R (2015) Ultrasound classification of solitary renal cysts in children. J Pediatr Urol 11:149 e1–149 e6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Koutlidis N, Joyeux L, Mejean N, Sapin E (2015) Management of simple renal cyst in children: French multicenter experience of 36 cases and review of the literature. J Pediatr Urol 11:113–137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bayram MT, Alaygut D, Soylu A, Serdaroglu E, Cakmakci H, Kavukcu S (2014) Clinical and radiological course of simple renal cysts in children. Urology 83(2):433–437

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wulfsohn MA (1980) Pyelocaliceal diverticula. J Urol 123:1–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Karmazyn B, Kaefer M, Jennings G, Nirmala R, Raske ME (2010) Caliceal diverticulum in pediatric patients: the spectrum of imaging findings. Pediatr Radiol 41:1369–1373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bosniak AM (2012) The Bosniak renal cyst classification: 25 years later. Radiology 262(3):781–785

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wallis C, Lorenzo Afarhat W, Bagli D, Khoury A, Pippi Salle J (2008) Risk assessment of incidentally detected complex renal cysts in children: potential role for a modification of the Bosniak classification. J Urol 189:317–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Sidhu P, Cantisani V, Dietrich C et al (2017) The EFSUMB Guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in non-hepatic applications: update 2017. Ultraschall Med 2018(39):e2–e44

    Google Scholar 

  14. Riccabona M, Lobo ML, Augdal TA et al (2018) European Society of Paediatric Radiology Abdominal Imaging Task Force recommendations in paediatric uroradiology, part X: how to perform paediatric gastrointestinal ultrasonography, use gadolinium as a contrast agent in children, follow up paediatric testicular microlithiasis, and an update on paediatric contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol 48:1528–1536

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dillman J, Trout A, Smith E, Towbin A (2017) Hereditary renal cystic disorders: imaging of the kidney and beyond. Radiographics 37:924–946

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dermentzoglou V, Grigoraki V, Zarifi M (2018) Contemporary concepts and imaging findings in paediatric cystic Kidney disease. Hell J Radiol 3(2):65–79

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lin C, Tsai J, Sheu J, Lu H, Chang B (2010) Segmental multicystic dysplastic kidney in children: clinical presentation, imaging finding, management, and outcome. J Pediatr Surg 45:1856–1862

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Jeon A, Cramer B, Walsch E, Pushpanathan C (1999) A spectrum of segmental multicystic renal dysplasia. Pediatr Radiol 29:309–315

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Verghese P, Miyashita Y (2014) Neonatal polycistic kidney disease. Clin Perinat 41:543–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Patriquin H (1985) Medullary sponge kidney in childhood. AJR 145:315–319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lucaya J, Enriquez G, Nieto J (1993) Renal calcification in patient with ARPKD: prevalence and cause. AJR 160:359–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Turkbey B, Ocak I, Daryanani K, Font-Montgomery E, Lukose L, Byrant J (2009) Autosomal recessive polycistic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis (ARPKD/CHF). Pediatr Radiol 39:100–111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Traubici J, Daneman A (2005) High-resolution renal sonography in children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. AJR 184:1630–1633

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Vester U, Kranz B, Hoyer PF (2010) The diagnostic value of ultrasound in cystic kidney diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 25:231–240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Casper K, Donnelly L, Chen B, Bissler J (2002) Tuberous sclerosis complex: renal imaging findings. Radiology 225:452–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology Department, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

    Federica Ferro & Norberto Vezzali

  2. Urology Department, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

    Evi Comploj

  3. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

    Elena Pedron

  4. Ospedale Cardarelli, Naples, Italy

    Marco Di Serafino

  5. AORN Santobono Pausilipon, Naples, Italy

    Francesco Esposito, Eugenio Rossi & Massimo Zeccolini

  6. Pediatric Department, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy

    Piernicola Pelliccia

  7. Radiology Department, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

    Gianfranco Vallone

Authors
  1. Federica Ferro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Norberto Vezzali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Evi Comploj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Elena Pedron
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marco Di Serafino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Francesco Esposito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Piernicola Pelliccia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Eugenio Rossi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Massimo Zeccolini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Gianfranco Vallone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Federica Ferro.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Author Federica Ferro declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Norberto Vezzali declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Evi Comploj declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Elena Pedron declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Marco Di Serafino declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Francesco Esposito declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Piernicola Pelliccia declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Eugenio Rossi declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Massimo Zeccolini declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Gianfranco Vallone declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

For this type of study formal consent is not required.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ferro, F., Vezzali, N., Comploj, E. et al. Pediatric cystic diseases of the kidney. J Ultrasound 22, 381–393 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-018-0347-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40477-018-0347-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation