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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 7/2017

05.09.2017 | Akutes respiratorisches Distress-Syndrom | Leitthema

Critical-illness-Myopathie und -Polyneuropathie

verfasst von: D. Senger, Prof. Dr. med. Dipl. Psych. F. Erbguth

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 7/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Bei durchschnittlich 50–80 % der intensivmedizinisch behandelten Patienten kommt es zu einer Beeinträchtigung der neuromuskulären Funktionen durch Schädigungen der Nerven und der Muskulatur, was zu den Bezeichnungen Critical-illness-Polyneuropathie und -Myopathie geführt hat. Beide Komponenten treten bei 30–50 % der Betroffenen kombiniert auf, beim Rest überwiegt die isolierte Myopathie, während die isolierte Neuropathie selten vorkommt. Mittlerweile wird der deskriptive Begriff der „intensive care unit-acquired weakness“ (ICUAW) bevorzugt. Bedeutendster Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer ICUAW sind Sepsis, Multiorgandysfunktion und ein „acute respiratory distress syndrome“ (ARDS). Bei mindestens einem Drittel der Patienten bestehen am Ende des Intensivstationsaufenthalts noch bleibende Störungen wie Lähmungen, Sensibilitätsstörungen und Gleichgewichtsprobleme. Bei etwa 10 % persistieren diese beinbetonten und stark alltagsrelevanten Störungen über das erste Jahr nach ICU-Therapie hinaus. Die reine Myopathie führt selten zu Residuen, während die neuropathische Komponente für die Langzeitbeeinträchtigungen verantwortlich ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Critical-illness-Myopathie und -Polyneuropathie
verfasst von
D. Senger
Prof. Dr. med. Dipl. Psych. F. Erbguth
Publikationsdatum
05.09.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 7/2017
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-017-0339-0

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