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The Role of Proteostasis in the Regulation of Cardiac Intercellular Communication

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Proteostasis and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1233))

Abstract

Given the low mitotic activity of cardiomyocytes, the contractile unit of the heart, these cells strongly rely on efficient and highly regulated mechanisms of protein degradation to eliminate unwanted potentially toxic proteins. This is particularly important in the context of disease, where an impairment of protein quality control mechanisms underlies the onset and development of diverse cardiovascular maladies. One of the biological processes which is tightly regulated by proteolysis mechanisms is intercellular communication. The different types of cells that form the heart, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, can communicate directly, through gap junctions (GJ) or tunneling nanotubes (TNT), or at long distances, via extracellular vesicles (EV) or soluble factors.

The direct communication between cardiomyocytes is vital to ensure the anisotropic propagation of the electrical impulse, which allows the heart to beat in a coordinated and synchronized manner, as a functional syncytium. The rapid and efficient propagation of the depolarization wave is mainly conducted by low resistance channels called GJ, formed by six subunits of a family of proteins named Cxs. Dysfunctional GJ intercellular communication, due to increased degradation and/or redistribution of connexin43 (Cx43), the main Cx present in the heart, has been associated with several cardiac disorders, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertrophy, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Besides electrical coupling, a fine-tuned exchange of information, namely proteins and microRNAs, conveyed by EV is important to ensure organ function and homeostasis. Disease-induced deregulation of EV-mediated communication between cardiac cells has been implicated in diverse processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms whereby proteolysis modulates the cross talk between cardiac cells is of utmost importance to develop new strategies to tackle diseases caused by defects in intercellular communication.

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Acknowledgments

We apologize to all colleagues whose work could not be cited due to space limitations. This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors (COMPETE) [under the projects PAC “NETDIAMOND” POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016385, HealthyAging2020 CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-N2323, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-032179, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-032414, and FCTUID/NEU/04539/2013 to CNC.IBILI]. DBA was supported by SFRH/BD/115003/2016, TMM by PD/BD/106043/2015, TRR by PD/BD/52294/2013 from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Daniela Batista-Almeida, Tania Martins-Marques, Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues & Henrique Girao

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  1. Daniela Batista-Almeida
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  2. Tania Martins-Marques
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  3. Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues
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  1. CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain

    Rosa Barrio

  2. CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain

    James D. Sutherland

  3. Centre Pierre Potier, ITAV, Toulouse Cedex 1, France

    Manuel S. Rodriguez

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Batista-Almeida, D., Martins-Marques, T., Ribeiro-Rodrigues, T., Girao, H. (2020). The Role of Proteostasis in the Regulation of Cardiac Intercellular Communication. In: Barrio, R., Sutherland, J., Rodriguez, M. (eds) Proteostasis and Disease . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1233. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_12

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