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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 4/2021

17.03.2021 | Insulins

Diabetes type 1: Can it be treated as an autoimmune disorder?

verfasst von: Natalia G. Vallianou, Theodora Stratigou, Eleni Geladari, Christopher M. Tessier, Christos S. Mantzoros, Maria Dalamaga

Erschienen in: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | Ausgabe 4/2021

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Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by progressive autoimmune-mediated destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. It is associated with significant treatment burden and necessitates life-long insulin therapy. The role of immunotherapy in the prevention and management of T1DM is an evolving area of interest which has the potential to alter the natural history of this disease.
In this review, we give insight into recent clinical trials related to the use of immunotherapeutic approaches for T1DM, such as proinflammatory cytokine inhibition, cell-depletion and cell-therapy approaches, autoantigen-specific treatments and stem cell therapies. We highlight the timing of intervention, aspects of therapy including adverse effects and the emergence of a novel lymphocyte crucial in T1DM autoimmunity. We also discuss the role of cardiac autoimmunity and its link to excess CVD risk in T1DM.
We conclude that significant advances have been made in development of immunotherapeutic targets and agents for the treatment and prevention of T1DM. These immune-based therapies promise preservation of beta-cells and decreasing insulin dependency. In their current state, immunotherapeutic approaches cannot yet halt the progression from a preclinical state to overt T1DM nor can they replace standard insulin therapy in existing T1DM. It remains to be seen whether immunotherapy will ultimately play a key role in the prevention of progression to overt T1DM and whether it may find a place in our therapeutic armamentarium to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in established T1DM.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diabetes type 1: Can it be treated as an autoimmune disorder?
verfasst von
Natalia G. Vallianou
Theodora Stratigou
Eleni Geladari
Christopher M. Tessier
Christos S. Mantzoros
Maria Dalamaga
Publikationsdatum
17.03.2021
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1389-9155
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2606
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-021-09642-4

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