Introduction
Methods
Protocol and Registration
Research questions
Study Characteristics | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|---|
Population (P) | Participants aged 18 years and above. No restrictions on the upper age limit, medical conditions and sex. | Paediatric patients (<18 years), dyad (parents and children). |
Intervention (I) | This review will consider public health interventions addressing a reduction in sugar consumption limited to study and intervention on human. Health promotion interventions, such as health education, nutrition education, dietary change strategies, and environmental modifications are done; with content focusing on diet only or on diet and exercise in the settings of schools, workplaces, primary care, the community (cafeterias and restaurants), and supermarkets. | - |
Comparison (C) | - | - |
Outcome (O) | The change in amount or frequency of sugar. Sugars—other than these intrinsic natural sugars—are classified by WHO as free sugars, which include all monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods by manufacturers, cook, or consumer, in addition to sugars that are naturally present in honey, syrups, as well as fruit juices and concentrates. | Sugar-related physiological measures behaviour towards sugary change (psychological outcome). |
Study design/ publication type (S) | Human studies in randomised controlled trial (RCT) or any others intervention studies (non-RCT), such as quasi-experimental. | Primary medical studies, such as prediction studies, text, and expert opinion papers, editorial, proceeding, abstract, case-reports, clinical practice guidelines, together with secondary review studies such as review articles. |
Time frame | 1 January 2000 to 3 November 2022 | - |
Language | English | Non-English |
Search strategy
Screening of articles for eligibility
Assessment of risk of bias in included studies
Criteria RCT Study | S1 | S2 | 2.1 Randomisation | 2.2 Concealment /blinding | 2.3 Complete outcomes | 2.4 Loss to follow up | Overall score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miller, 2012 [16] | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | NO | 50% |
Hebden, 2014 [17] | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NO | 50% |
Kattelman, 2014 [18] | YES | YES | YES | NO | YES | NO | 50% |
Nour, 2015 [19] | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | YES | 75% |
Hedrick, 2017 [20] | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | YES | 75% |
Al Khatib, 2018 [21] | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | YES | 75% |
Webel, 2018 [22] | YES | YES | YES | NO | CAN’T TELL | CAN’T TELL | 25% |
Kaur, 2020 [23] | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | CAN’T TELL | 50% |
Manios, 2020 [24] | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | YES | 75% |
Islam, 2021 [25] | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | 100% |
Rahul, 2021 [26] | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | 100% |
Chow, 2021 [27] | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | 75% |
Johnstone, 2021 [28] | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | 100% |
Mason, 2021 [29] | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | YES | 75% |
Average Score | 70% | ||||||
Criteria Non-RCT | S1 | S2 | 3.1 Recruitment | 3.2 appropriate measures | 3.3 Comparable groups | 3.4 Complete outcomes | Overall score |
Petrogianni, 2013 [30] | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | 100% |
Hietaranta-Luoma, 2014 [31] | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | 100% |
Spees, 2016 [32] | YES | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | NO | 50% |
Thomson, 2016 [33] | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NO | 50% |
Kendzor, 2017 [34] | YES | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | 75% |
Gudzune, 2020 [35] | YES | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | 75% |
West, 2020 [36] | YES | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | CAN’T TELL | 50% |
Brittain, 2021 [37] | YES | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | 75% |
Redmond, 2021 [38] | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO | NO | 50% |
Goldstein, 2022 [39] | YES | YES | YES | YES | CAN’T TELL | YES | 75% |
Okube, 2022 [40] | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | 100% |
Average Score | 73% |
Data extraction and management
Results
Description of studies
Study selection
Sample description
Allocation and blinding
Methods of recruitment and informed consent
Use of theory or concept
Intervention providers
Duration of the intervention, follow-up and delivery mechanism
Interventions materials, tailoring and assessment tools
Author (Year) Country/ies | Study Design | Brief Name of Intervention | Sample Description (Gender; Mean Age; Group Allocation) | Method(s) of Recruitment | Informed Consent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miller (2012) The United States of America [16] | RCT 2-arm. | MB-EAT for Diabetes (MB-EAT-D) Mindfulness-based Intervention. | 52 T2DM patients (38.5% male; 53.95 years; IG = 27/CG = 25). | Through local medical practices, the university’s newswire, radio, and internet advertisements, and community flyers. | Written informed consent. |
Petrogianni (2013) Greece [30] | Pre-post study. | Multicomponent intervention diet and physical activity intervention. | 108 hypercholesterolemic adults (53.5% male; 48.7 years; IG = 77/CG = 31). | NM. | Written informed consent. |
Hebden (2014) Australia [17] | RCT 2-arm. | mHealth technologies for weight management in young adults. | 51 university students and staff (19.6% male; 22.85 years; IG = 26/CG = 25). | Advertisements posted around the university campus and published in staff and student newsletters. | NM. |
Hietaranta-Luoma (2014) Finland [31] | Pre-post study. | Genotype-based nutrition and health information intervention. | 107 healthy adults (30.8% male; 47.0 years; IG = 61/CG = 61). | NM. | NM. |
Kattelman (2014) The United States of America [18] | RCT 2-arm. | Young Adults Eating and Active for Health (YEAH) in a college setting. | 1639 college students (33.0% male; 19.3 years; IG = 824/CG = 815). | Face-to-face methods, e.g., in-class and residential life housing meetings, and e-mails, letters, and flyers were posted on participating campuses. | Online informed consent. |
Nour (2015) Australia [19] | RCT 2-arm. | TXT2BFiT, a mobile phone-based healthy lifestyle. | 250 young adults (35.6% male; 27.7 years). | Recruited from the Greater Sydney area in New South Wales, Australia. | NM. |
Spees (2016) The United States of America [32] | Pre-post study. | Growing Hope Multifaceted intervention delivered within a garden setting. | 22 cancer survivors (22.7% male; 59 years). | Study brochures were distributed at the cancer hospital, its associated oncology clinics, and its affiliated community-based cancer survivor outreach programme. | Obtained informed consent. |
Thomson (2016) The United States of America [33] | Pre-post study. | Delta Body and Soul III lifestyle intervention. | 409 participants (28.11%male; 47.15 years; IG = 287/CG = 122). | Via mailed study invitation letters, followed by telephone contact. | Written informed consent. |
Kendzor (2017) The United States of America [34] | Pre-post study | Diet and physical activity intervention for homeless adults. | 32 shelter residents (75.0% male; 48.38 years; IG = 17/CG = 15). | Weekly orientation meetings, flyers, and word of mouth at the transitional homeless shelter. | Obtained before screening for eligibility from interested individuals. |
Hedrick (2017) The United States of America [20] | RCT 2-arm. | Talking Health. | 292 participants (19% male; 42 years; IG = 149/CG = 143). | Active recruitment at health department, day care centres, festivals, and others. Passive recruitments from targeted mailings, flyers, radio, and others. | Written informed consent. |
Al Khatib (2018) The United Kingdom [21] | RCT 2-arm. | Sleep Lengthening and Metabolic health, Body composition, Energy balance and cardiovascular Risk (SLuMBER). | 42 habitually short sleepers (16% male; 24 years; IG = 21/CG = 21). | Internal circular e-mails among university staff and students, as well as social media advertisements and recruitment posters that were publicly available. | Written informed consent. |
Webel (2018) The United States of America [22] | RCT 2-arm. | SystemCHANGE is an innovative self-management. | 106 HIV + adults (65% male; 53 years; IG = 51/CG = 50). | Via letters sent to an HIV research registry and flyers posted in HIV care organisations. | Written informed consent. |
Gudzune (2020) The United States of America [35] | Pre-post study. | Peer outreach approach to reduce added sugar intake by promoting sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) reduction. | 34 participants (20.6% male; 45.7 years). 17 residents/17 network members). | Mailing invitations to all residences and perform follow-ups with these mailings with door-knocking attempts. | NM. |
Kaur (2020) India [23] | RCT 2-arm. | SMART Eating website. | 732 participants (23.9% male; 52.7 years; IG = 366/CG = 366). | Purposely chosen. | Written and verbal consent after briefing. |
West (2020) Australia [36] | Pre-post Study. | OzHarvest’s NEST Programme promoting food security and food literacy. | 21 participants (42.9% male; age from 18 to 74 years; no control group). | Recruit by organisations hosting. | Obtained informed consent. |
Manios (2020) Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain [24] | RCT 2-arm. | Feel4Diabetes. | 2756 patients at high risk developing T2DM (33.6% male; 40.9 years; IG = 1526/CG = 1230). | Based on a standardised, multi-stage sampling procedure. | Written informed consent. |
Brittain (2021) New Zealand [37] | Pre-post study. | Sugar Habit Hacker. | 128 adults (12.5% male; 40.46 years; no control group). | A combination of flyers and online advertisements (social media, university, and health promotion websites). | Obtained informed consent. |
Islam (2021) Bangladesh [25] | RCT 2-arm. | Text messaging intervention. | 236 patients with T2DM (45.8% male; 48.1 years; IG = 106/CG = 94). | From a tertiary hospital. | Written informed consent. |
Rahul (2021) India [26] | RCT 2-arm. | Primary care and public health nurses training. | 132 participants (24.2% male; 62.7 years; IG = 72/CG = 60) | Recruited through local public service commissions. | Obtained informed consent. |
Redmond (2021) The United States of America [38] | Pre-post study. | Obesity Prevention and Evaluation of InterVention Effectiveness in NaTive North Americans (OPREVENT). | 299 participants (29.2% male; 44.5 years; IG = 182/CG = 117). | Recruited from each community. | Written informed consent. |
Chow (2021) The United States of America [27] | RCT 2-arm. | Individualised goalsetting on diet and physical activity. | 41 cancer survivors (51.2% male; 45.1 years median age; IG = 24/CG = 17). | From the designated comprehensive cancer centre. | Obtained informed consent. |
Johnstone (2021) The United Kingdom [28] | RCT 2-arm. | Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) intervention, dietary changes via prebiotic supplement. | 64 healthy young adult female volunteers (0% male; 20.02 years; IG = 23/CG = 23). | Via posters and online advertisements. | Written informed consent. |
Mason (2021) The United States of America [29] | RCT 2-arm. | SSB sales ban and Motivational Interviewing (MI). | 214 participants. (42.1% male of IG; 41.2 (11.0) years mean age of IG; IG = 109/CG = 105). | From a pool of university employees (staff and faculty). who responded to an initial employee online survey on SSB consumption. | NM. |
Goldstein (2021) The United States of America [39] | Pre-post study. | Dietary lapses. | 32 adults with overweight/obesity (68.8% male; 54.5 years; no control group). | Via advertisements in local newspapers, the research centre’s website, email newsletters through a hospital and by physician referrals. | Obtained informed consent. |
Okube (2022) Kenya [40] | Pre-post study. | Lifestyle intervention targeting common behavioural risk factors metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. | 294 participants (38.0% male; 18–64 years old; IG: 156/CG: 138). | Who visited the hospital as outpatients, as well as those who escorted clients as relatives or friends. | Obtained informed consent. |